Group autonomy enhancing treatment versus cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: A cluster-randomized clinical trial.

Background: Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders, few evidence-based alternatives exist. Autonomy enhancing treatment (AET) aims to decrease the vulnerability for anxiety disorders by targeting underlying autonomy deficits and may therefore have similar effects on anxiety as CBT, but yield broader effects.

Methods: A multicenter cluster-randomized clinical trial was conducted including 129 patients with DSM-5 anxiety disorders, on average 33.

Sensitivity and specificity of serological tests for infectious bronchitis virus antibodies in broilers.

Broilers with maternally-derived immunity (MDI) to infectious bronchitis (IB) were either spray-vaccinated with H120 at 1 day old, or not vaccinated, then challenged at 28 days with one of four different IBV serotypes. Birds were bled frequently and the sera tested by agar gel precipitation (AGP), haemagglutination inhibition (HI), 2 commercial ELISAs, and virus neutralization (VN) to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the assays. The AGP detected a transient response to challenge with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of approximately 40%.

Molecular and biological characteristics of avian polyomaviruses: isolates from different species of birds indicate that avian polyomaviruses form a distinct subgenus within the polyomavirus genus.

The isolation and characterization of two avian polyomaviruses, from chicken (BFDV-2) and a parrot (BFDV-3), is reported. Both isolates are closely related to the non-mammalian polyomavirus budgerigar fledgling disease virus (BFDV) isolated from budgerigars (now called BFDV-1), and all three viral genomes are shown to have the same basic size of 4981 bp. A 151 bp insertion was, however, observed in the non-coding region of BFDV-2 which represented an exact duplication of the left half of the non-coding region, including the putative early promoter and amino terminus of the large T antigen.

Epithelia-damaging virus infections affect vitamin A status in chickens.

The effect of infection with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and reovirus (RV) on vitamin A status was investigated in chickens with a normal or marginal intake of vitamin A. At the age of 4 wk, chickens were infected with either IBV or RV, primarily affecting the respiratory or intestinal tract, respectively. Both viruses lowered plasma retinol levels significantly.

Investigations into the role of reovirus in the malabsorption syndrome.

Malabsorption syndrome, defined by five criteria, could not be reproduced by oral inoculation of newly hatched chicks with six reoviruses isolated from six different cases. Passage in birds of four reoviruses with intestinal homogenates did not result in increased pathogenicity. In contrast, inoculation of complete infectious intestinal homogenate caused great weight loss, long lasting excretion of yellow-orange mucoid and wet faeces, increased plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, decreased carotene concentration and bone abnormalities.

Serological classification of recent infectious bronchitis virus isolates by the neutralization of immunofluorescent FOCI.

The neutralisation of immunofluorescent foci test was adapted to the grouping of 14 recent Dutch infectious bronchitis virus isolates. This test provides a distinct grouping of the isolates and the corresponding sera. Evaluation of the tests was carried out by means of the computer program called 'Taxonomic', designed for the calculation of taxonomic order from serological data.

Comparison of the effect of live Newcastle disease vaccine Clone 30 in broilers administered at day 1 or at day 7 and the effect of H120 vaccination at 17 days of age: a field experiment.

To analyse the results of a vaccination on the first day of age against Newcastle disease (ND) and on the 17th day of age against Infectious Bronchitis (IB) resp. with spray vaccines with Clone 30 and H120 vaccine. These vaccinations are compared in field circumstances with other vaccination methods.

Application of monoclonal antibodies in the Dutch avian leukosis control programme.

Comparative testing with series of albumen samples obtained from seven Dutch poultry flocks was performed for avian leukosis virus group-specific antigen (ALV-gsa) by complement fixation test (CFT) and by a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) employing selected monoclonal antibodies directed to different ALV-p27 epitopes. The higher sensitivity for ALV-gsa detection of the DAS-ELISA resulted in increased scores of ALV-shedding hens in all seven flocks. Relatively low absorbance values seem to be associated with low rates of congenital ALV transmission.

Occurrence and significance of infectious bronchitis virus variant strains in egg and broiler production in the Netherlands.

Despite vaccination against Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with the Massachusetts type vaccine viruses H120 and H52 in the Netherlands, an increasing number of properly vaccinated flocks have suffered from the disease since 1978. In the years 1978-1982, the virus was isolated from 162 IBV suspected flocks. Cross-virus-neutralization tests showed that the majority (67 per cent) of these isolates belonged to serotypes other than the Massachusetts type, the Connecticut-, Florida-, Iowa 97-, Iowa 609- and JMK serotype.

Influence of feed on the course of tenosynovitis caused by REO virus infection in broilers.

The first outbreak of tenosynovitis caused by infection with REO virus in the Netherlands, involving 15 broiler flocks, is described. The disease could be reproduced easily by subcutaneous, oral and contact infection of susceptible broilers with the isolated virus. The 15 affected flocks all came from one broiler parent flock and were fed with feed from one mill (A).

A case of Aujeszky's disease virus infection in young chicks.

On a rearing farm with 96,000 birds, 10,000 three and four days old chicks died with nervous symptoms. A virus was isolated from the brains and identified as an Aujeszky's disease virus. The isolate was very pathogenic for chickens up to about 7 days of age, causing mortality after parenteral injection (intracerebral, intraperitoneal, intramuscular) but not after oral, eye drop or spray application.

The immune response of the chick following viral vaccinations and immunization with sheep red blood cells.

The effects of viral vaccinations and immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) on the humoral response of pullets were investigated. Pullets were vaccinated with Marek's disease virus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and infectious bursal disease virus at appropriate ages used in commercial practice. At seven weeks, the pullets were intramuscularly immunized with SRBC.

Study on the local effect of eye-drop vaccination against infectious bronchitis in 1-day-old chicks with maternal antibodies.

One-day-old chicks with maternal antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were vaccinated by eye-drop with H120 vaccine strain of IBV. Four weeks later the chicks were challenged by eye-drop or intratracheally with virulent IBV (Massachusetts-type field strain). The chicks were resistant to ocular challenge, but highly susceptible to an intratracheal challenge.

Vaccination of 1-day-old broilers against infectious bronchitis by eye drop application or coarse droplet spray and the effect of revaccination by spray.

Broilers hatched with maternal antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) had developed protective immunity by 3 weeks after vaccination by the conjunctival route with H120 vaccine virus at 1-day-old. Immunity was still present when birds were 7 weeks old. Following vaccination of similar 1-day-old chicks by the same route by a coarse droplet spray, immunity developed more slowly; 50% of the 3-week-old birds developed clinical and/or pathological changes typical of infectious bronchitis following challenge, and at 5 weeks of age some birds were still susceptible to the virulent IBV.

Effect of the removal of the Harderian gland in 1-day-old chicks on immunity following IB vaccination.

After removal of the Harderian gland in 1-day-old chicks (Hx birds), protective immunity to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was decreased 3 weeks after vaccination with the H120 strain of IBV. Protective immunity was measured by challenge. The decreased protection was not reflected in the neutralisation indices of the Hx birds.

Infectious stunting and leg weakness in broilers: I. Pathology and biochemical changes in blood plasma.

A syndrome of stunting and leg weakness could be reproduced experimentally by inoculation of 1-day-old broilers with homogenised intestines from affected birds. Inoculated birds kept in isolators showed highly impaired growth until 3 weeks p.i.

Egg production in relation to the results of a long term serological survey of 73 flocks of fowl.

Seventy-three flocks of fowl were tested at regular intervals for the presence of precipitins to fowl adenovirus (AV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), haemaggluinating inhibiting antibodies to BC in 14 virus, and of agglutinins to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M.g.) and Mycoplasma synoviae (M.

Egg production in relation to the results of a long term serological survey of 73 flocks of fowl.

Summary Seventy-three flocks of fowl were tested at regular intervals for the presence of precipitins to fowl adenovirus (AV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), haem-agglutinating inhibiting antibodies to BC14 virus, and of agglutinins to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M.g.) and Mycoplasma synoviae (M.

Immunosuppressive effect of infectious bursal disease virus on vaccination against infectious bronchitis.

Groups of broiler chicks hatched with parental antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were vaccinated against IBV at 1 day of age via the oculonasal routes and inoculated with virulent IBDV at 1, 5, 10, 15 or 20 days of age. While the non-IBDV inoculated birds were solidly immune against IBV challenge at an age of 29 days, immunity in the IBDV infected birds was depressed. This depression, which was most serious in the birds IBDV inoculated at 1 or 5 days of age, coincided with a delayed infiltration of the Harderian gland by lymphocytes and immunoglobulin-bearing cells.

Histopathological changes in the oviduct of hens producing shell-less eggs associated with precipitins to adenovirus.

Histopathological changes in oviducts of laying hens which produced shell-less eggs associated with the presence of precipitins to adenovirus appeared to be limited to the uterus (shell-gland). Changes could not be seen macroscopically. Microscopically extensive atrophy of the glandular tissue, oedema and infiltration by plasma cells and lymphocytes in the uterine villi were observed.

Infectious proventriculitis causing runting in broilers.

Proventriculitis, runting and poor feed conversion sometimes associated with rachitis, was seen in chickens on a large broiler farm. It was shown that the proventriculitis was caused by an infectious agent.

Influence of maternal antibodies on vaccination of chicks of different ages against infectious bronchitis.

In chicks from immune hens levels of antibody to infectious bronchitis (IBV) measured by the neutralisation test (NI values) decreased linearly with age. In 1-day-old chicks NI values were high, whereas they were zero in 30-days-old birds. Vaccination of 1-day-old chicks with high NI values by the conjunctival and intranasal routes with H 120 vaccine virus resulted 4 weeks later in an immunity that was as good as that obtained by vaccination of 20- and 15-days-old birds with lower levels of maternal antibody.

[A case of fowl cholera (Pasteurella multocida) in six-week-old broilers (author's transl)].

An outbreak of fowl cholera in a broiler-house with 6,000 six-week-old broilers is reported. The birds were affected with respiratory disease when they were four weeks old. Eight days after recovery, at an age of six weeks, 50 per cent of the birds were severly ill.