Design and simulation of a microfluidics-based artificial glomerular ultrafiltration unit to reduce cell-induced fouling.

Background: The microfluidic-based Glomerulus-on-Chips (GoC) are mostly cell based, that is, 3D cell culture techniques are used to culture glomerular cells in order to mimic glomerular ultrafiltration. These chips require high maintenance to keep cell viability intact. There have been some approaches to build non-cell-based GoCs but many of these approaches have the drawback of membrane fouling.

Enhanced Optical Management in Organic Solar Cells by Virtue of Square-Lattice Triple Core-Shell Nanostructures.

This research focuses on enhancing the optical efficacy of organic photovoltaic cells, specifically their optical absorbance and electrical parameters. The absorbance of photons in organic solar cells (OSCs) was studied by incorporating an optical space layer and triple core-shell square-lattice nanostructures. For better chemical and thermal stability, a dielectric-metal-dielectric nanoparticle can be replaced for embedded metallic nanoparticles in the absorption layer.

Smart City IoT System Network Level Routing Analysis and Blockchain Security Based Implementation.

This paper demonstrates, network-level performance analysis and implementation of smart city Internet of Things (IoT) system with Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) level cloud computing architecture. The smart city IoT network topology performance is analyzed at the simulation level using the NS3 simulator by extracting most of the performance-deciding parameters. The performance-enhanced smart city topology is practically implemented in IaaS level architecture.

A Comprehensive Review of Bio-Inspired Optimization Algorithms Including Applications in Microelectronics and Nanophotonics.

The application of artificial intelligence in everyday life is becoming all-pervasive and unavoidable. Within that vast field, a special place belongs to biomimetic/bio-inspired algorithms for multiparameter optimization, which find their use in a large number of areas. Novel methods and advances are being published at an accelerated pace.

Investigation of Nonlinear Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Low-Frequency and Wideband Applications.

This paper proposes a monostable nonlinear Piezoelectric Energy Harvester (PEH). The harvester is based on an unconventional exsect-tapered fixed-guided spring design, which introduces nonlinearity into the system due to the bending and stretching of the spring. The physical-mathematical model and finite element simulations were performed to analyze the effects of the stretching-induced nonlinearity on the performance of the energy harvester.

A comprehensive review on advancements in tissue engineering and microfluidics toward kidney-on-chip.

This review provides a detailed literature survey on microfluidics and its road map toward kidney-on-chip technology. The whole review has been tailored with a clear description of crucial milestones in regenerative medicine, such as bioengineering, tissue engineering, microfluidics, microfluidic applications in biomedical engineering, capabilities of microfluidics in biomimetics, organ-on-chip, kidney-on-chip for disease modeling, drug toxicity, and implantable devices. This paper also presents future scope for research in the bio-microfluidics domain and biomimetics domain.

Optimized Design of a Self-Biased Amplifier for Seizure Detection Supplied by Piezoelectric Nanogenerator: Metaheuristic Algorithms versus ANN-Assisted Goal Attainment Method.

This work is dedicated to parameter optimization for a self-biased amplifier to be used in preamplifiers for the diagnosis of seizures in neuro-diseases such as epilepsy. For the sake of maximum compactness, which is obligatory for all implantable devices, power is to be supplied by a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG). Several meta-heuristic optimization algorithms and an ANN (artificial neural network)-assisted goal attainment method were applied to the circuit, aiming to provide us with the set of optimal design parameters which ensure the minimal overall area of the preamplifier.

Design and Modeling of Bioreactor Utilizing Electrophoresis and Di-Electrophoresis Techniques for Regenerating Reabsorption Function of Human Kidney PCT in Microfluidics Environment.

The need for innovation in medical device technology is immense; especially to replace dialysis techniques the necessity is extremely high. Available techniques that promised to replace dialysis have not yet geared up to the marketization level. The utilization of live kidney cells makes these devices costly, delicate, and unreliable.

Design, simulation and analysis of micro electro-mechanical system microneedle for micropump in drug delivery systems.

This article reports on the mechanical strength analysis and flow characteristics of square tip and circular tip microneedles by employing highly potent drugs that are given in extremely little quantity (microlitres) using MEMS technology, which proves to be a significant component of micropump in the application of Bio-MEMS. These microneedles are well suitable for a MEMS-based micropump in the drug delivery systems. It is an essential part of the micropump through which the drug is released into the patient's body.

Temporal response of biochemical and biological sensors with bimodal surface adsorption from a finite sample.

The importance of adsorption-based biochemical/biological sensors in biochemistry and biophysics is paramount. Their temporal response gives information about the presence of a biochemical/biological analyte, its concentration and its interactions with the adsorption sites (which may be an integral part of the surface itself or immobilized functionalizing molecules). Mathematical models of the temporal response taking into account as many relevant effects as possible are essential for obtaining reliable information.

Recreating the size-dependent reabsorption function of proximal convoluted tubule towards artificial kidney applications: Structural analysis and computational study.

Human kidneys tend to be affected adversely and fail to function more often than any other organ in the body because of diet, heredity, and lifestyle of a person. Dialysis is the technique presently in use for replacing the failed kidney function but it is packed with painfulness, bulkiness, and is costly also. There is a growing need for development of an artificial kidney that eradicates the problems associated with dialysis.