Mixture effects of arsenic and chromium on erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities and expression of DNA repair, tumor suppressor and apoptotic genes in liver of zebrafish.

The present study investigated the individual and mixture effects of Arsenic (As) and Chromium (Cr) at their environmental concentrations in zebrafish (Danio rerio). After 15, 30 and 60 days of exposure, increased frequencies of erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) were noticed. After 60 days of exposure, DNA damage was observed in liver and base excision DNA repair (BER) and mismatch DNA repair (MMR) pathways were studied to know the cellular responses.

Arsenic and Chromium Induced Toxicity on Zebrafish Kidney: Mixture Effects on Oxidative Stress and Involvement of Nrf2-Keap1-ARE, DNA Repair, and Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathways.

In polluted water, cooccurrences of two carcinogens, arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr), are extensively reported. Individual effects of these heavy metals have been reported in kidney of fishes, but underlying molecular mechanisms are not well established. There is no report on combined exposure of As and Cr in kidney.

Arsenic and chromium induced hepatotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) at environmentally relevant concentrations: Mixture effects and involvement of Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway.

Arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr), two well-known cytotoxic and carcinogenic metals are reported to coexist in industrial effluents and groundwater. Their individual toxicities have been thoroughly studied but the combined effects, especially the mechanism of toxicity and cellular stress response remain unclear. Considering co-exposure as a more realistic scenario, current study compared the individual and mixture effects of As and Cr in the liver of zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Lead induced genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) at environmentally relevant concentration: Nrf2-Keap1 regulated stress response and expression of biomarker genes.

Genotoxic and hepatotoxic potentials of Pb at an environmentally relevant concentration (5 ppm) in zebrafish were investigated in the present study. Erythrocytic nuclear abnormality tests revealed the increased frequencies of abnormal erythrocytes after Pb exposure, indicating a strong genotoxic potential of Pb. Multiple stress-related parameters were further evaluated in liver, the major detoxifying organ.

Environmentally relevant lead alters nuclear integrity in erythrocytes and generates oxidative stress in liver of Anabas testudineus: Involvement of Nrf2-Keap1 regulation and expression of biomarker genes.

Genotoxic and hepatotoxic effects of lead (Pb) on a freshwater fish, climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) were studied at an environmentally relevant concentration (43.3 ppm). The genotoxic potential of Pb was confirmed by micronucleus study, with increased frequencies of erythrocytic nuclear alterations like lobed, blebbed, notched, fragmented, and micronuclei were observed in erythrocytes in treated groups as compared to control.

A Short Review on Polymeric Biomaterials as Additives for Lubricants.

With increasing environmental concerns and the depletion of petroleum resources, the development of lubricant additives from bioresources has attracted much attention recently. In this review, we reported a few polymers and polymer composites that are synthesized from vegetable oils (soybean oil, sunflower oil, rice bran oil, and castor oil) and used as multifunctional additives in the formulation of eco-friendly lubricant compositions. We mentioned the preparation of vegetable oil-based homo- and copolymers and their characterization by different spectral techniques (FTIR/NMR).

Polyacrylate-magnetite nanocomposite as a potential multifunctional additive for lube oil.

The application of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) in lubricant industry has attracted considerable interest due to their much enhanced properties compared to neat polymers. In this study, magnetite (FeO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized. Then PNCs were prepared by reinforcing these NPs in the homopolymer of dodecyl acrylate in different percentages.

Large Magnetoelectric Coupling in the Thin Film of Multiferroic CuO.

We report observation of large magnetoelectric coupling in an epitaxial thin film of multiferroic CuO grown on the (100)MgO substrate by the pulsed laser deposition technique. The film is characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectrometry. The crystallographic structure of the film turns out to be monoclinic (space group 2/) with [111]CuO||[100]MgO "out-of-plane" epitaxy and "in-plane" domain structure.

Tuning the growth pattern in 2D confinement regime of Sm2O3 and the emerging room temperature unusual superparamagnetism.

Programming the reaction chemistry for superseding the formation of Sm2O3 in a competitive process of formation and dissolution, the crystal growth patterns are varied and two different nanostructures of Sm2O3 in 2D confinement regime are designed. Among these, the regular and self-assembled square platelets nanostructures exhibit paramagnetic behavior analogous to the bulk Sm2O3. But, the other one, 2D flower like shaped nanostructure, formed by irregular crystal growth, shows superparamagnetism at room temperature which is unusual for bulk paramagnet.