Epinastine Cream: A Novel Once-Daily Therapeutic Agent for Allergic Conjunctivitis.

To investigate the efficacy of epinastine cream in type I allergic models. The dose, timing, and antiallergic effect of epinastine cream on the conjunctiva were evaluated postapplication to the eyelid skin of guinea pigs with histamine- or ovalbumin-induced allergic conjunctivitis. Additionally, we assessed its antiallergic effects on the skin postapplication to the dorsal skin of guinea pigs with ovalbumin-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.

Diquafosol tetrasodium elicits total cholesterol release from rabbit meibomian gland cells via P2Y purinergic receptor signalling.

Diquafosol tetrasodium (DQS), a purinergic P2Y receptor agonist, stimulates secretion of both water and mucins from the conjunctiva into tears. Hence, DQS-containing eye drops have been approved as a therapeutic option for dry eye disease in some Asian countries, including Japan. Recent clinical reports state that instilling DQS-containing eye drops significantly increases the lipid layer thickness in tears.

HTLV-I env protein acts as a major antigen in patients with HTLV-I-associated arthropathy.

Our objective was to investigate the pathological mechanisms of HTLV-I (human T-cell leukemia virus type I)-associated chronic arthritis (HAAP) with respect to T-cell response to HTLV-I viral proteins. We examined T-cell clonality and the antigen recognized by T cells from the inflamed synovium of patients with HAAP by using histology, a single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. The SSCP analysis showed oligoclonal expansion of T cells in the synovium, suggesting an antigen-mediated stimulation.