Feasibility of partial-orbit irradiation as a treatment strategy for patients with orbital mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

Objective: For early-stage orbital mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma), radiotherapy (RT) is known to be the treatment of choice. The classical recommended treatment field is the entire ipsilateral orbit, exposing normal orbital structures such as the lacrimal gland and lens, which are sensitive to moderate doses of radiation, to the full treatment dose. Herein we aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and dosimetric values in patients with orbital MALToma who received RT.

Longitudinal association of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin levels with clinical characteristics in thyroid eye disease.

Objectives: The clinical course of thyroid eye disease (TED) is heterogeneous and predicting patients who may develop the severe sequelae of the disease is difficult. In this study, we evaluated the longitudinal association between changes in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibody (TRAb) levels and course of disease activity and severity over time.

Design: This was a multicentre, prospective, observational study.

Ganglioside GT1b increases hyaluronic acid synthase 2 via PI3K activation with TLR2 dependence in orbital fibroblasts from thyroid eye disease patients.

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a complex autoimmune disease with a spectrum of signs. we previously reported that trisialoganglioside (GT)1b is significantly overexpressed in the orbital tissue of TED patients, and that exogenous GT1b strongly induced HA synthesis in orbital fibroblasts. However, the signaling pathway in GT1b-induced hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) expression in orbital fibroblasts from TED patients have rarely been investigated.

Use of the Bispectral Index to Predict Eye Position of Children during General Anesthesia.

Purpose: To assess the relationship between eye position and anesthesia depth using the bispectral index (BIS) value, a parameter derived from electroencephalography data.

Methods: We investigated the relationship between BIS value and eye position in 32 children who underwent surgery for epiblepharon under general anesthesia. BIS values were recorded continuously throughout the procedure (from induction to awakening).

Identification and Functional Characterization of ST3GAL5 and ST8SIA1 Variants in Patients with Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify and to functionally characterize genetic variants in ST3GAL5 and ST8SIA1 in Korean patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).

Materials And Methods: Genetic analyses were conducted using DNA samples from TAO patients (n=50) and healthy subjects (n=48) to identify TAO-specific genetic variants of ST3GAL5 or ST8SIA1. The effect of each genetic variant on the transcription or expression of these genes was examined.

Electronic enhancement of tear secretion.

Objective: To study electrical stimulation of the lacrimal gland and afferent nerves for enhanced tear secretion, as a potential treatment for dry eye disease. We investigate the response pathways and electrical parameters to safely maximize tear secretion.

Approach: We evaluated the tear response to electrical stimulation of the lacrimal gland and afferent nerves in isofluorane-anesthetized rabbits.

Hyaluronic acid induces COX-2 expression via CD44 in orbital fibroblasts from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in orbital fibroblasts from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).

Methods: Primary cultured orbital fibroblasts were obtained from patients with TAO and non-TAO subjects. Dermal and conjunctival fibroblasts were cultured from the eyelid skin of subjects undergoing cosmetic lid surgery or cataract surgery, respectively.

Benzylideneacetophenone derivatives attenuate IFN-γ-induced IP-10/CXCL10 production in orbital fibroblasts of patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy through STAT-1 inhibition.

The aim of the present study was to identify a new candidate anti-inflammatory compound for use in the active stage of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Benzylideneacetophenone compound JC3 [(2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)phenylpro-2-en-l-one] was synthesized based on a structural modification of yakuchinone B, a constituent of the seeds of Alpinia oxyphylla, which belongs to the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), has been widely used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory phytochemical. Orbital fibroblasts were primarily cultured from patients with TAO, and the potential of JC3 to suppress the interferon (IFN)-γ-induced protein (IP)-10/CXCL10 production in these cells was determined.

Pirfenidone attenuates the IL-1β-induced hyaluronic acid increase in orbital fibroblasts from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of pirfenidone on the IL-1β-induced hyaluronic acid (HA) increase in orbital fibroblasts from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).

Methods: Primary cultured orbital fibroblasts were obtained from patients with TAO, and the excreted levels of HA from IL-1β-treated cells with or without pirfenidone were measured. The effect of pirfenidone on IL-1β-induced hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) expression was evaluated.

Clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of malignant eyelid tumors.

Aim: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with malignant eyelid tumors.

Methods: This was a retrospective, non-randomized, clinical reviews. Between January, 2002 and December, 2011, 75 cases with histologically confirmed malignant eyelid tumors were evaluated.

Pirfenidone attenuates IL-1β-induced COX-2 and PGE2 production in orbital fibroblasts through suppression of NF-κB activity.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pirfenidone on interleukin (IL)-1β-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin (PG)E2 expression in orbital fibroblasts from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts from patients with TAO (n = 4) and non-TAO subjects (n = 4) were prepared. The level of PGE2 in orbital fibroblasts treated with IL-1β in the presence or absence of pirfenidone was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Pirfenidone inhibits transforming growth factor-β1-induced fibrogenesis by blocking nuclear translocation of Smads in human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19.

Purpose: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a key role in transforming retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells into mesenchymal fibroblastic cells, which are implicated in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Herein, we tested the effect of pirfenidone, a novel antifibrotic agent, on TGF-β1-mediated fibrogenesis in the human RPE cell line ARPE-19.

Methods: The effect of pirfenidone on the TGF-β1-induced phenotype in ARPE-19 cells was measured with immunocytochemistry as the change in F-actin.

Protective effect of grape seed extract against oxidative stress-induced cell death in a staurosporine-differentiated retinal ganglion cell line.

Objective: Grape seed extract (GSE) is a potent antioxidant. We examined the effect of GSE on oxidative stress-induced cell death in a transformed retinal ganglion cell line, RGC-5.

Methods: Staurosporine-differentiated RGC-5 (ssdRGC-5) cells obtained by treating RGC-5 cells with 1 µM staurosporine were incubated with GSE for 2 h and then exposed to buthionine sulfoximine plus glutamate (B/G) for 24 h.

Altered ganglioside expression modulates the pathogenic mechanism of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy by increase in hyaluronic acid.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the role of gangliosides in pathogenic mechanisms of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).

Methods: The gangliosides profile and mRNA level of sialyltransferases of the orbital tissues from TAO patients (n = 5) and non-TAO subjects (n = 4) were investigated. In addition, the effect of exogenous gangliosides on the expression of hyaluronic acid was examined in orbital fibroblasts.

Antifibrotic effect of Pirfenidone on orbital fibroblasts of patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy by decreasing TIMP-1 and collagen levels.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the antifibrotic effects of pirfenidone in orbital fibroblasts of patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).

Methods: The effects of interleukin (IL)-1beta and of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta on the induction of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 were assessed in orbital fibroblasts of TAO patients. TIMP-1 protein levels were measured by ELISA and Western blot analyses, and TIMP-1 activity was assessed by reverse zymography.

A case of congenital orbital malignant rhabdoid tumor: systemic metastasis following exenteration.

A newborn girl presented with massive proptosis of the right eye. Physical and radiologic examination disclosed that the primary orbital mass was confined to the site. A diagnosis of malignant rhabdoid tumor was made by histopathologic examination of an incisional biopsy specimen.

The use of autogenous sclera as wrapping material in hydroxyapatite implantation.

Purpose: To report postoperative results and effectiveness using autogenous sclera as a wrapping material for hydroxyapatite orbital implant.

Methods: A chart review of 78 patients (78 eyes) undergoing primary enucleation or a secondary procedure using autogenous sclera as a wrapping material from March 1997 to October 2004 was undertaken. Primary enucleation was performed in 54 eyes and secondary implantation in 24.

Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells promote corneal wound healing following alkali injury.

Purpose: To determine whether bone marrow-derived progenitor cells can be stimulated by inflammatory mediators and play a role in corneal wound healing following alkali injury.

Methods: Sixty rabbits were divided into two groups (Group I and Group II). Group I served as a bone marrow-suppression model, and received 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide.

Evaluation of computer-based volume measurement and porous polyethylene channel implants in reconstruction of large orbital wall fractures.

Purpose: To describe the use of computer-based orbital volume measurement as a predictor of late enophthalmos, and to assess the effectiveness of the MedPor (Porex Surgical Products Group, Newnan, GA) porous polyethylene channel implant to restore orbital volume in repairing large orbital wall fractures.

Methods: Sixteen patients with unilateral large orbital fractures were included. Computed tomographic (CT) scans were used to obtain computer-based orbital volume measurement to predict the likelihood of late enophthalmos and to assess the change in orbital volume before and after surgery.

Temporary amniotic membrane patch for the treatment of primary pterygium: mechanisms of reducing the recurrence rate.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the outcome of the use of the temporary amniotic membrane patch (TAMP) for the treatment of primary pterygium and to investigate the mechanisms of reducing the recurrence rate.

Methods: Twenty eyes in 20 patients with primary pterygium underwent pterygium excision followed by TAMP for 5 days. Removed amniotic membrane (AM) was immunostained with primary antibodies CD34, c-Kit, STRO-1 and AC133.

Scanning electron microscopic studies of Supramid Extra from the patients displaying recurrent ptosis after frontalis suspension.

Purpose: To investigate the morphologic changes in Supramid Extra suture harvested from patients displaying recurrent ptosis who had undergone a frontalis suspension for congenital ptosis.

Design: Observational case series.

Methods: Using scanning electron microscopy, we examined the morphologic changes in Supramid Extra (S.