No clinical superiority of bi-cruciate retaining versus posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty at two years follow-up.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of two groups of patients subject to bi-cruciate retaining (BCR) or posterior-stabilized (PS) implants. It was hypothesized that patients treated with BCR prostheses would present higher flexion and better clinical and functional results than those treated with PS implants. This prospective study included thirty-two patients treated for primary knee osteoarthritis and assigned to two matched groups for their demographic characteristics and comorbidities.

A Narrative Review of Combat Sports Injuries With a Particular Focus on Cervical Spine Injuries.

Combat sports encompass a wide range of disciplines, each associated with distinct injury patterns and mechanisms. From karate to wrestling, athletes face varying degrees of injury risks, with common clinical presentations including head injuries, strains, sprains, fractures, and concussions. These injuries often result from dynamic movements, physical contact, and high-impact collisions inherent to combat sports.

Blunt Traumatic Vertebral Artery Injury After Cervical Fracture Dislocation: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Certain high-energy blunt forces may produce unstable cervical fractures with or without dislocation. In rare cases where the superior facets are dislocated, however showing a significant increase within the last decade, these types of injuries may include vertebral artery entrapment at the involvement level leading to artery dissection or occlusion. This phenomenon is usually seen at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels of injury.

Periprosthetic Transpatellar Fracture Replacement With Autogenous Iliac Graft: A Technical Note.

Periprosthetic fractures involving total knee arthroplasty (TKA) components, particularly involving the patella, can present a significant challenge regarding orthopedic surgery. This technical note outlines an approach for the reconstruction of complicated periprosthetic transpatellar fractures, with poor bone stock, utilizing autogenous iliac graft. This kind of procedure requires careful preoperative evaluation of imaging, precise intraoperative planning, and strict postoperative management to achieve adequate postoperative results.

The addition of mesenchymal stem cells in a bioabsorbable scaffold does not enhance tendon healing after a repair of rotator cuff tear.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the healing potential of a full-thickness tendon defect in the rotator cuff of rabbits using a bioabsorbable scaffold impregnated with bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) or rotator cuff-derived mesenchymal stem cells (RC-MSCs).

Methods: Sixteen adult rabbits were subjected to a full-thickness rotator cuff deficit. Rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups of four animals.

Optimizing Hip Replacement Procedure in Cerebral Palsy-Related Spastic Hip Dysplasia: A Case Report.

Cerebral palsy (CP) often results in severe hip issues, disrupting musculoskeletal development and mobility due to problems such as dislocations and contractures, aggravated by spasticity and heightened muscular tone. While total hip arthroplasty (THA) is required in CP patients, the procedure carries high risks due to concerns about dislocation and wear. This study explores a method of intraoperative navigation to precisely execute preoperative strategies for spinopelvic alignment and optimal cup placement.

The risk of DDH between breech and cephalic-delivered neonates using Graf ultrasonography.

Purpose: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorder in infants. The most significant risk factors include female gender, breech presentation, left hip and family history. In this study, we utilized the Graf method at different time intervals to evaluate both breech-delivered and cephalic-born newborns.

Hip Fractures in Patients with Dementia: An Emerging Orthopedic Concern.

Hip fractures are a very common injury in the elderly population associated with an increased mortality rate. Currently, more and more elderly patients are diagnosed with dementia. Demented patients are more prone to falls and hip fractures compared to the general population because of conditions related to their disease such as instability, osteoporosis, poor muscle control and weakness.

Sucralfate Prevents Pin Site Infections of External Fixators in Open Tibia Fractures.

Pin site infections are the main complication of external fixators. The most common pathogens are Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. The incidence of pin site infections ranges from 2% to 30%.

Ultrasonographic screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip: the Graf method revisited.

Until the 1980s, the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) was based on clinical examination and radiographic imaging. In 1980, Reinhard Graf developed his own ultrasonographic method for the examination of the infant hip joint. Graf's method evaluates the osseous and cartilaginous coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum in the infantile hip joint by measuring the angles α and β.

Orthobiologics: a review.

Purpose: The use of biologic materials in orthopaedics (orthobiologics) has gained significant attention over the past years. To enhance the body of the related literature, this review article is aimed at summarizing these novel biologic therapies in orthopaedics and at discussing their multiple clinical implementations and outcomes.

Methods: This review of the literature presents the methods, clinical applications, impact, cost-effectiveness, and outcomes, as well as the current indications and future perspectives of orthobiologics, namely, platelet-rich plasma, mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow aspirate concentrate, growth factors, and tissue engineering.

A Lumbar Paravertebral Space Ultrasound Lumbar Plexus Block Technique for Hip Fracture Surgery in the Elderly.

Ultrasound imaging of peripheral nerves is challenging in elderly population. In cases involving the lumbar plexus (LP), we have employed ultrasound imaging and neurostimulation guidance for successful localization and block of the LP. The postero-medial segment of the psoas muscle (PSM), superior to the vertebral body and anterior to the transverse process ("corner pocket") was used as an imaging landmark for the implementation of the LP block.

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Review.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder of the infant age. Its incidence ranges from 0.06/1000 to 76.

Higher Infection Rate after ACL Reconstruction with Hamstrings Tendon Autografts Compared with Bone Patellar Bone Tendon Autografts: A Review.

Infection after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a rare but devastating complication resulting in a deleterious impact on knee function as well as an increased related cost for treatment and rehabilitation for the patients. There are conflicting reports regarding the rate of infection between bone patellar tendon bone (BPTB) and hamstrings tendon (HT) autografts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Therefore, we performed this review to summarize all the available data regarding the risk of infection after ACL reconstruction, to provide insight on the infection risk between BPTB and HT autografts, and to discuss current recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of these infections.

What do hip fracture patients die from?

Hip fractures in the elderly are associated with an increased mortality rate, even if they are operated within the recommended time window. However, the causes of mortality vary considerably depending on the postoperative period and the patients' comorbidities. In the 30-day postoperative period, the most common causes of death are acute processes such as bacterial and aspiration pneumonia followed by myocardial infarction, cancer, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, stroke, pulmonary embolism, and acute renal failure.

Echinococcosis of the spine.

Echinococcosis or hydatid disease affecting the spine is an uncommon manifestation of infection of the spine.More commonly found in endemic areas, it causes significant morbidity and mortality as it grows slowly and produces symptoms mainly by compressing the spinal cord.As diagnostic methods are non-specific, diagnosis and management are usually delayed until the disease is advanced, thereby therapy is usually unlikely.

Osteomyelitis of the femur effectively treated with medulloscopy debridement: a case report.

Background: Medulloscopy refers to the visualization of the intramedullary canal with an arthroscope, providing access to the infection site without the need for an extensive approach therefore not compromising the surrounding soft tissue. It provides information regarding the extent of the infected endosteal surface of bone, and it allows a thorough debridement of the intramedullary canal in a controlled manner. Therefore, it can be used as an adjunct to traditional open surgical techniques, to perhaps help to visualize hard to see intramedullary areas.

Superiority of synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells in chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, myogenesis and tenogenesis in a rabbit model.

Engineering complex tissues is perhaps the most ambitious goal of all tissue engineers. Despite significant advances in tissue engineering, which have resulted in successful engineering of simple tissues such as skin and cartilage, there are a number of challenges that remain in engineering of complex, hybrid tissue structures, such as osteochondral tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to highly proliferate in an undifferentiated state and the potential to differentiate into a variety of different lineages, providing a promising single cell source to produce multiple cell types.

Effects of press-fit biphasic (collagen and HA/βTCP) scaffold with cell-based therapy on cartilage and subchondral bone repair knee defect in rabbits.

Introduction: Human spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SPONK) is still challenging as the current treatments do not allow the production of hyaline cartilage tissue. The aim of the present study was to explore the therapeutic potential of cartilage regeneration using a new biphasic scaffold (type I collagen/hydroxyapatite) previously loaded or not with concentrated bone marrow cells.

Material And Methods: Female rabbits were operated of one knee to create articular lesions of the trochlea (three holes of 4 × 4mm).

Knee size chart nomogram for evaluation of tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance in knees with or without history of patellofemoral instability.

Purpose: Lateralized tibial tubercle is a cause of patellar instability. Before proceeding with reduction of the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, surgeons prefer to know whether this distance is pathologic. However, the pathological value remains discussed and may vary with the size of the knee.

Reconstruction of a Neglected Tibial Plateau Fracture Malunion with an Open-Book Osteotomy: A Case Report.

Case: Surgical management of tibial plateau fractures can be challenging, and complications can be devastating. We report the case of a lateral tibial plateau fracture malunion with an associated intra-articular depression, which we treated with an open-book osteotomy, obviating the need for an early corrective osteotomy or knee arthroplasty.

Conclusion: A tibial plateau fracture malunion can be reconstructed.

Open Versus Arthroscopic Mosaicplasty of the Knee: A Cadaveric Assessment of Accuracy of Graft Placement Using Navigation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare an open freehand mosaicplasty technique with an arthroscopic technique for the treatment of osteochondral lesions by measuring the instrument deviation, quantifying this deviation, and providing numerical information on the difference in the outcomes of these techniques.

Methods: Four cadaveric knees were used. Reference markers were attached to the femur, tibia, and donor/recipient site guides.

Hemiepiphysiodeses for guided growth in children.

Lower-extremity angular deformities are among the most common non-traumatic conditions in children being referred to pediatric orthopedists. Understanding of this abnormality and knowledge of current treatment is essential for pediatricians and primary caregivers. A development in the surgical management of these problems has improved the quality of care of affected children and adolescents.