Ten marker compounds-based comparative study of green tea and guava leaf by HPTLC densitometry methods: antioxidant activity profiling.

High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the separation and quantitative determination of ten markers (catechins, flavonoids, and phenolics) in different extracts of green tea and guava leaf has been developed and the antioxidant activity profiles of the two plant extracts have been determined. Ten marker compounds have been resolved using silica gel 60 F(254) plates, toluene/acetone/formic acid (5:4:1  v/v/v) for markers 1-6, and toluene/ethyl acetate/formic acid/methanol (3:3:0.8:0.

In silico identification of viper phospholipaseA2 inhibitors: validation by in vitro, in vivo studies.

Snake venom, particularly of vipers from the Indian subcontinent, contains Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) as one its constituents which is widely implicated in hemorrhagic, cardiac arrest and death. Development of inhibitors of the protein can facilitate the weakening or annihilation of the venom toxicity and save many human lives. In the present communication, our studies relate to the design and development of structure-based ligands as inhibitors of PLA2 of Viper venom.

New-onset headache in an elderly man with uremia that improved only after correction of hyperphosphatemia ("uremic headache"): a case report.

Introduction: New-onset headaches in the elderly are usually secondary and rarely primary. We present the case of an elderly man with recent-onset headache due to uremic hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of its kind in the literature.

Involvement of P-glycoprotein and CYP 3A4 in the enhancement of etoposide bioavailability by a piperine analogue.

Etoposide, a semi-synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin, is widely used anticancer agent. Etoposide presents low bioavailability with wide inter-, and intra-patient variability after oral dosing. In an earlier study a piperine analogue, namely, 4-ethyl 5-(3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2E,4E-pentadienoic acid piperidide (PA-1), was shown to cause 2.

Alcoholic extract of Cicer microphyllum augments Th1 immune response in normal and chronically stressed Swiss albino mice.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of an alcoholic extract of Cicer microphyllum (I(3) M/38/A001) (whole plant without seeds and flowers) on the immunological parameters of sheep red blood cell immunized normal and chronically stressed Swiss albino mice.

Methods: Estimation of T-cell subsets (CD3(+) , CD4(+) /CD8(+) ), CD80/CD86, CD28, CD 69, costimulatory molecules and Th1/Th2 cytokines was carried out using a flow cytometer. This was followed by study of the delayed type hypersensitivity response, in-vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay and measurement of Th1/Th2 cytokines in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry.

Next-generation sequencing identifies the natural killer cell microRNA transcriptome.

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes important for early host defense against infectious pathogens and surveillance against malignant transformation. Resting murine NK cells regulate the translation of effector molecule mRNAs (e.g.

Complete characterization of the microRNAome in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. In this study, we applied next generation sequencing techniques to comprehensively assess miRNA expression, identify genetic variants of miRNA genes, and screen for alterations in miRNA binding sites in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. RNA sequencing of leukemic myeloblasts or CD34(+) cells pooled from healthy donors showed that 472 miRNAs were expressed, including 7 novel miRNAs, some of which displayed differential expression.

Treatment with the C5a receptor antagonist ADC-1004 reduces myocardial infarction in a porcine ischemia-reperfusion model.

Background: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils, stimulated by the activated complement factor C5a, have been implicated in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. ADC-1004 is a competitive C5a receptor antagonist that has been shown to inhibit complement related neutrophil activation. ADC-1004 shields the neutrophils from C5a activation before they enter the reperfused area, which could be a mechanistic advantage compared to previous C5a directed reperfusion therapies.

Antiviral therapy in HCV-infected decompensated cirrhotics.

Decompensated cirrhosis has traditionally been considered a contraindication to interferon and ribavirin therapy. Whereas, the same may be true for advanced cirrhosis, which is only successfully amenable to liver transplantation (LT), there are reports in the literature in which antiviral therapy was given successfully in selected cases of early hepatic decompensation with an aim to attain sustained viral clearance, halt disease progression, and expect potential (though, often, partial) recovery of hepatic metabolic activity. Antiviral therapy may also be instituted to prevent hepatitis C recurrence after LT (it has even caused removal of some patients from the waiting list for LT).

A pilot study of rapid cooling by cold saline and endovascular cooling before reperfusion in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Background: Experimental studies have shown that induction of hypothermia before reperfusion of acute coronary occlusion reduces infarct size. Previous clinical studies, however, have not been able to show this effect, which is believed to be mainly because therapeutic temperature was not reached before reperfusion in the majority of the patients. We aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of rapidly induced hypothermia by infusion of cold saline and endovascular cooling catheter before reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Selective Th1 upregulation by ethyl acetate fraction of Labisia pumila.

Aim Of The Study: Labisia pumila has rejuvenating properties that help women to regain the strength and vigour after giving birth (Burkill, 1935) leading us to speculate that Labisia pumila might also modulate the immune matrix as it is one of the important aspect of healthy state of the living body.

Materials And Methods: Studies were carried out for the evaluation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in murine neutrophils followed by expression of T cell-surface markers and corresponding intracellular expression of cytokines related to T helper1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) activity.

Results: The ethyl acetate fraction (A001/3b) obtained from ethanolic extract of leaves of Labisia pumila at graded doses (in vitro) showed increased expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12.

Mild hypothermia reduces acute mortality and improves hemodynamic outcome in a cardiogenic shock pig model.

Introduction: Cardiogenic shock is the main cause of death in patients hospitalized due to an acute myocardial infarction. Mild hypothermia reduces metabolism and could offer protective effects for this condition. The aim of our study was to investigate if mild therapeutic hypothermia would improve outcome and hemodynamic parameters in an ischemic cardiogenic shock pig model.

Managing HCV infection in pediatric age group: suggested recommendations.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children is different from the adult infection in many ways, like natural course of the disease; duration, therapeutic response and side effects profile of the drug therapy; and prognosis. Special considerations include consideration on what could be the appropriate time to investigate a suspected child, when to institute drug therapy and how to prevent vertical transmission. Although over the past one decade many landmark studies have greatly increased our insight on this subject, yet we are far from developing a consensus statement.

Substituted dihydronaphthalenes as efflux pump inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus.

A new series of 3-(substituted-3,4-dihydronaphthyl)-2-propenoic acid amides has been prepared through convergent synthetic strategies and tested in combination with ciprofloxacin against NorA overexpressing Staphylococcus aureus 1199B as test strain for potentiating of the drug activity. Out of 24 compounds evaluated, 12 compounds potentiated the activity of ciprofloxacin and resulted in 2-16 fold reduction in the MIC (4-0.5 microg/mL) of the drug.

Loss of PDEF, a prostate-derived Ets factor is associated with aggressive phenotype of prostate cancer: regulation of MMP 9 by PDEF.

Background: Prostate-derived Ets factor (PDEF) is expressed in tissues of high epithelial content including prostate, although its precise function has not been fully established. Conventional therapies produce a high rate of cure for patients with localized prostate cancer, but there is, at present, no effective treatment for intervention in metastatic prostate cancer. These facts underline the need to develop new approaches for early diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer patients, and mechanism based anti-metastasis therapies that will improve the outlook for hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

Piperine as an inhibitor of Rv1258c, a putative multidrug efflux pump of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of piperine as an inhibitor of Rv1258c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Methods: Rifampicin, in combination with piperine, was tested against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and rifampicin-resistant (rif(r)) M.

Novel bisstyryl derivatives of bakuchiol: targeting oral cavity pathogens.

Novel bisstyryl derivatives of bakuchiol using Heck coupling reaction as the key step were synthesized and screened against a panel of six oral cavity pathogens for their antimicrobial activity. Four compounds (9-12) showed two to fourfold and four to eightfold better activity (MIC 0.25-16 microg/ml) than bakuchiol and triclosan respectively.

Protective effect of Labisia pumila on stress-induced behavioral, biochemical, and immunological alterations.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antistress potential of LABISIA PUMILA aqueous extract (LPPM/A003) using a battery of tests widely employed in different stressful situations. Pretreatment of experimental animals with LPPM/A003 caused an increase in the swimming endurance and hypoxia time and also showed the recovery of physical stress-induced depletion of neuromuscular coordination and scopolamine induced memory deficit. LPPM/A003 at graded doses reversed the chronic restraint stress (RST), induced depletion of CD4 (+) and CD8 (+) T lymphocytes, NK cell population, and corresponding cytokines expression besides downregulating the stress-induced increase in plasma corticosterone, a major stress hormone.

Simultaneous determination of etoposide and a piperine analogue (PA-1) by UPLC-qTOF-MS: evidence that PA-1 enhances the oral bioavailability of etoposide in mice.

In the present investigation, a UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of etoposide and a piperine analogue, namely, 4-ethyl 5-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2E,4E-pentadienoic acid piperidide (PA-1). The analytes were separated on a reverse phase C18 column using methanol-water (72:28, v/v) mobile phase with a flow rate of 250 microL/min. The qTOF-MS was operated under multiple reaction monitoring mode using electro-spray ionization (ESI) technique with positive ion polarity.

Effects of pioglitazone on intramyocellular fat metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Context: Lipotoxicity (increased tissue fat content) has been implicated in the development of muscle insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objective: The aim was to study the effect of pioglitazone on intramyocellular fat metabolism.

Research Design: Twenty-four T2DM subjects (glycosylated hemoglobin = 8.

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-driven MAPKAPK2 regulates invasion of bladder cancer by modulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity.

In transitional cell carcinoma, the most common form of bladder cancer, overexpression of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 offers prognostic value as markers of disease-specific survival. These molecules have been implicated in metastasis of bladder cancer, but the underlying mechanisms through which they are controlled are poorly defined. In this study, we investigated a role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in this process, using bladder cancer cell lines HTB9 and HTB5 that were derived from different tumor stages.

Considerations in the management of hepatitis C virus-related thrombocytopenia with eltrombopag.

Thrombocytopenia is a common clinical problem in HCV-infected cases. Multiple studies have consistently shown a rise in platelet count following a successful HCV treatment thus proving a cause-effect relationship between the two. Although, many therapeutic strategies have been tried in the past to treat HCV-related thrombocytopenia (e.

Apyrase treatment of myocardial infarction according to a clinically applicable protocol fails to reduce myocardial injury in a porcine model.

Background: Ectonucleotidase dependent adenosine generation has been implicated in preconditioning related cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, and treatment with a soluble ectonucleotidase has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size (IS) when applied prior to induction of ischemia. However, ectonucleotidase treatment according to a clinically applicable protocol, with administration only after induction of ischemia, has not previously been evaluated. We therefore investigated if treatment with the ectonucleotidase apyrase, according to a clinically applicable protocol, would reduce IS and microvascular obstruction (MO) in a large animal model.

Cotreatment with panobinostat and JAK2 inhibitor TG101209 attenuates JAK2V617F levels and signaling and exerts synergistic cytotoxic effects against human myeloproliferative neoplastic cells.

The mutant JAK2V617F tyrosine kinase (TK) is present in the majority of patients with BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). JAK2V617F activates downstream signaling through the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT), RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)/AKT pathways, conferring proliferative and survival advantages in the MPN hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Treatment with the pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor panobinostat (PS) is known to inhibit the chaperone function of heat shock protein 90, as well as induce growth arrest and apoptosis of transformed HPCs.

Sub-acute toxicity evaluation of an aqueous extract of Labisia pumila, a Malaysian herb.

Labisia pumila (Myrsinaceae), is a popular herb among the women in Malaysia known locally as "Kacip Fatimah". Recently many nutraceutical products containing the powdered or extracted parts of the plant have become available for women's health care. However no evaluation of the effect of the repeated dosing of any herbal product of this plant had been undertaken prior to a 28-day sub-acute study presented in this report.