Report of case series: Correlation between pathological and radiological evaluation and clinical course of three cases of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with cytoreductive nephrectomy after combined immuno-oncology therapy.

Introduction: The pathologic evaluation and clinical course of cytoreductive nephrectomy after combined immuno-oncology therapy were reviewed to understand the benefits of cytoreductive nephrectomy.

Case Presentation: Three patients with clear cell carcinoma underwent tumor biopsy before combined immuno-oncology therapy. Case 1 was found to have a sarcomatoid component upon nephrectomy and continued with combined immuno-oncology therapy.

Recurrent multiple liver metastases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with a significant response to sunitinib after nivolumab treatment.

Introduction: A case of multiple liver metastases of clear cell RCC with a significant response to sunitinib as the fifth line after nivolumab is reported.

Case Presentation: The patient was a 65-year-old man who underwent open nephrectomy for RCC. After the nephrectomy, he had recurrences several times, and metastasectomy had been performed for each recurrence.

Influence of surface treatment on bond strength of veneering ceramics fused to zirconia.

In all-ceramic restorations involving a zirconia framework, surface treatment of the zirconia surface is required to enhance bonding strength with the veneering ceramics and thus prevent chipping. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of surface roughness and heat treatment of the zirconia and use of liner porcelain on bond strength between veneering ceramics and a zirconia framework. Debonding/crack-initiation strength (τb) was determined according to ISO 9693.