Comparison of the percutaneous screw placement precision of isocentric C-arm 3-dimensional fluoroscopy-navigated pedicle screw implantation and conventional fluoroscopy method with minimally invasive surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical study to compare the percutaneous screw placement precision of isocentric C-arm (Iso-C) 3-dimensional fluoroscopy-navigated pedicle screw implantation and conventional fluoroscopy.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of clinical percutaneous pedicle screw placement (PPSP) using Iso-C 3-dimensional fluoroscopy navigation.

Summary Of Background Data: The technique of PPSP recently has been applied to internal fixation for segmental lumbar instability as a form of minimally invasive spine surgery.

TAS-108, a novel oral steroidal antiestrogenic agent, is a pure antagonist on estrogen receptor alpha and a partial agonist on estrogen receptor beta with low uterotrophic effect.

Purpose: Investigators are currently conducting phase II trials on TAS-108, a novel oral steroidal antiestrogenic agent. The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular and pharmacologic properties of TAS-108 compared with other antiestrogenic agents such as tamoxifen,raloxifene, and fulvestrant.

Experimental Design: The antagonistic or agonistic activities of these agents against both estrogen receptors (ER) alpha and beta were compared in the reporter assay systems.

A computer-based method of selecting clones for a full-length cDNA project: simultaneous collection of negligibly redundant and variant cDNAs.

We describe a computer-based method that selects representative clones for full-length sequencing in a full-length cDNA project. Our method classifies end sequences using two kinds of criteria, grouping, and clustering. Grouping places together variant cDNAs, family genes, and cDNAs with sequencing errors.