Analysis of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates in environmental water by in-port arylation gas chromatography-electron impact ionization-mass spectrometry.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants that have been used for various purposes. Although PFAS can pollute the environment in a variety of areas related to the use, storage, and disposal of their products, there are insufficient data on the extent of PFAS pollution outside industrialized countries with their manufacturing facilities. Most of the analyses depend on high-cost liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Vaccine and antiviral drug promise for preventing post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, and their combination for its treatment.

Introduction: Most healthy individuals recover from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas a remarkable number continues to suffer from unexplained symptoms, known as Long COVID or post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). It is therefore imperative that methods for preventing and treating the onset of PASC be investigated with the utmost urgency.

Methods: A mathematical model of the immune response to vaccination and viral infection with SARS-CoV-2, incorporating immune memory cells, was developed.

Novel analysis of functional relationship linking moyamoya disease to moyamoya syndrome.

Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic pathways associated with Moyamoya disease (MMD) and Moyamoya syndrome (MMS), compare the functional activities, and validate relevant related genes in an independent dataset.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search for genetic studies on MMD and MMS across multiple databases and identified related genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichments analyses were performed for these genes.

Is Japan at low risk for PFAS immunotoxicity?: human biomonitoring study in contaminated areas in Japan.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are now considered global contaminants posing health risks. Recent human biomonitoring data in Japan are presented.

Methods: Human biomonitoring data from Japan, dating back to 2000, were reviewed.

Linear isomer but not branched isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonate in plasma is associated with eicosapentaenoic acid, a seafood consumption biomarker.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are global contaminants. Seafood consumption is a possible PFAS exposure route to humans while the isomer specific analysis has not been conducted.

Methods: Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) were investigated in residents of Kyoto, Japan (n = 51).

Genetic Analysis of , , and in Familial Episodic Pain Syndrome (FEPS) in Japan and Proposal of Clinical Diagnostic Criteria.

Familial episodic pain syndrome (FEPS) is an early childhood onset disorder of severe episodic limb pain caused mainly by pathogenic variants of , , and , which encode three voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) expressed as key determinants of nociceptor excitability in primary sensory neurons. There may still be many undiagnosed patients with FEPS. A better understanding of the associated pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics is needed to provide appropriate diagnosis and care.

Levels and spatial profile of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in edible shrimp products from Japan and neighboring countries; a potential source of dietary exposure to humans.

Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is of great concern for human health because of their persistence and potentially adverse effects. Dietary intake, particularly through aquatic products, is a significant route of human exposure to PFAS. We analyzed perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid (PFSA with carbon numbers from 6 to 8 and 10 (C-C, C)) and perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA), and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA with carbon numbers from 6 to 15 (C-C)) in 30 retail packs of edible shrimps, which included seven species from eight coastal areas of Japan and neighboring countries.

Temporal trends in exposure to parabens, benzophenones, triclosan, and triclocarban in adult females in Kyoto, Japan, from 1993 to 2016.

Products used in daily life can contain chemicals such as parabens, benzophenones, triclosan, and triclocarban that have potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Little is known about the temporal trends of exposure levels to some of these chemicals in Japan. Our study assessed the intake and risk associated with exposure to commonly used chemicals.

Comparison of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) removal in a combined adsorption and electrochemical oxidation process.

This study focused on three of the most studied PFAS molecules, namely perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). They were compared in terms of their adsorption capacity onto graphite intercalated compound (GIC), a low surface area, highly conductive and cheap adsorbent. The adsorption on GIC followed a pseudo second order kinetics and the maximum adsorption capacity using Langmuir was 53.

Role of ABCB1 and ABCB4 in renal and biliary excretion of perfluorooctanoic acid in mice.

Background: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one of the major per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. The role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in PFOA toxicokinetics is unknown.

Methods: In this study, two ABC transporters, ABCB1 and ABCB4, were examined in mice with single intravenous PFOA administration (3.

Combined adsorption and electrochemical oxidation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using graphite intercalated compound.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a bioaccumulative synthetic chemical containing strong C-F bonds and is one of the most common per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) detected in the environment. Graphite intercalated compound (GIC) flakes were used to adsorb and degrade PFOA through electrochemical oxidation. The adsorption followed the Langmuir model with a loading capacity of 2.

Association between lignan polyphenol bioavailability and enterotypes of isoflavone metabolism: A cross-sectional analysis.

Lignan polyphenols derived from plants are metabolized by bacteria in the gut to mammalian lignans, such as enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END). Mammalian lignan intake has been reported to be associated with obesity and low blood glucose levels. However, the factors that are responsible for individual differences in the metabolic capacity for ENL and END are not well understood.

Association between urinary zinc excretion and isoflavone-metabolizing enterotypes among Japanese females: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Zinc absorption and competition among gut bacteria have been reported in animal studies. Thus, gut bacteria may modify zinc availability in humans. Metabolism of intestinal bacteria is known to be necessary for the activation of several phytoconstituents in the body.

History of Changes in the Protocol of Clinical Trial of Zinc Supplementation in Treatment of COVID-19 by Hydroxychloroquine.

An article published in this journal used a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of combining chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) and zinc in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Findings from this study indicate that zinc supplements did not enhance the clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in improving COVID-19 treatment. Although this finding is consistent with many previous studies, several concerns regarding study protocol and trial registration, including interventions and primary outcomes, have been raised in which the protocol has been changed after the completion of the recruitment.

Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid, a biomarker of fish consumption, is associated with perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid exposure in residents of Kyoto, Japan: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are highly fluorinated organic compounds that have been widely used in industry during the past few decades. The main exposure routes for PFASs are thought to be the diet, drinking water, and dust. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs, members of the PFAS family) and the plasma eicosapentaenoic acid-to-arachidonic acid ratio (EPA/AA), a biological indicator of seafood intake, to determine whether seafood intake may represent a means of exposure to PFASs in the Japanese population.