Opioids impair nivolumab outcomes: a retrospective propensity score analysis in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Opioids are often administered for cancer-related pain relief. However, few reports have evaluated the association between opioids and immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this retrospective study was to reveal the effect of opioids on the prognosis of patients harbouring NSCLC treated with nivolumab.

Poor effect of osimertinib on EGFR exon 20 insertion-positive lung adenocarcinoma: A case report.

Introduction: The clinical efficacy of osimertinib for patients with lung adenocarcinoma harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations is unclear. Few case reports exist on the successful treatment of such tumors with osimertinib. We report a case wherein osimertinib administration had no effect in a patient with EGFR exon 20 insertion-positive lung adenocarcinoma.

Predictive factors for progression-free survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving nivolumab based on performance status.

Background: Nivolumab has promising efficacy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Various predictive factors for nivolumab response in those with NSCLC have been reported, including performance status (PS). The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the predictive factors for nivolumab response in those with NSCLC with good PS and those with poor PS.

[Case of renal subcapsular hematoma caused by flexible transurethral lithotripsy].

A 39-year-old man with macroscopic hematuria was admitted to our hospital. A stone, 5 mm in diameter was detected in the right ureteropelvic junction after abdominal computed tomography and plain abdominal radiography. We performed flexible transurethral lithotripsy (f-TUL) and crushed the stone and extracted almost all stone fragments without any complications.

Potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors for bladder cancer treatment.

Bladder cancer incidence increases with age, presumably reflecting a cumulative exposure to carcinogens and ever-increasing life expectancy. While aberrant protein expression due to DNA mutations is an essential step during oncogenesis, one recent interest has been the role of epigenetic changes in regulating bladder tumor development. Because aberrant histone acetylation has been linked to malignant diseases in several cases, histone deacetylase inhibitors have great potential as new anticancer drugs owing to their ability to modulate transcription and induce differentiation and apoptosis.

[Low-dose docetaxel in combination with dexamethasone for hormone-refractory prostate cancer].

Purpose: Efficacy and tolerability of docetaxel-based chemotherapy against hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) has been shown lately. The objective of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the efficacy and toxicity of low-dose docetaxel in combination with dexamethasone.

Patients And Methods: Sixteen patients, with a median age of 69.

Combined chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin for metastatic urothelial carcinomas in patients 80 years of age and over.

Background: This retrospective study aimed to determine the efficacy and toxicity of a combined chemotherapeutic regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinomas (UCs) in patients 80 years of age and over.

Patients And Methods: Twelve patients who were at least 80 years old and had been diagnosed with metastatic UC were treated with GC. The patient cohort consisted of 9 men and 3 women, with a median age of 83 (range 80-84) years.

Health-related quality of life and treatment outcomes for men with prostate cancer treated by combined external-beam radiotherapy and hormone therapy.

Background: Health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) is important when considering the treatment options for prostate cancer.

Methods: From 1992 to 1998, 57 patients were treated by radiotherapy plus hormone therapy (median age, 79 years; median prostate-specific antigen concentration, 15.0 ng/ml; median radiotherapy dosage, 60 Gy).