Walking trail access, exercise behavior, and going out-of-home among older adults: Examining longitudinal associations and mediators.

Aim: Although the presence of a walking trail within a neighborhood would be an important environmental determinant of health behaviors, such as exercise and going out-of-home, their longitudinal associations and mediators are still unconfirmed. This study examined the longitudinal associations of walking trail access with exercise behavior and going out-of-home and mediating roles of awareness and use of walking trails on their associations among older adults.

Methods: A four-wave questionnaire-based longitudinal survey was conducted among Japanese older adults (Wave 1: baseline; Wave 2: after one year; Wave 3: after three years; and Wave 4: after five years).

Physical Activity Components that Determine Daily Life Satisfaction Among Older Adults: An Intensive Longitudinal Diary Study.

Background: Although previous studies have shown that engaging in physical activity can elevate daily life satisfaction, few studies have identified the specific aspects that can result in this. This study examined whether enjoying moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercises with others for a longer time, but not any aspects of non-exercise physical activity, was associated with higher daily life satisfaction among older adults.

Method: We conducted an intensive longitudinal diary survey of 182 individuals for 1 week and obtained valid data for 853 person-days.

Relationship Between Habitual Use and Degree of Emotion Regulation: Age Differences in Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression.

Background: The present study examined age differences in and the relationship between two indices of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression: the degree of emotion regulation and the habitual use of emotion-regulation strategies.

Method: In total, 101 younger and 99 older participants were included in this study. The degree of emotion regulation was measured using an experimental task in which participants were presented with negative or positive pictures and required to regulate their emotions.

Leisure-time management and subjective well-being among older adults: A three-wave longitudinal survey.

Aim: As older adults have longer leisure time and the types and influences of leisure activities they participate in are diverse, appropriate management of their leisure time would be important to optimize their subjective well-being. Although greater use of time management in educational and occupational settings is associated with better job performance, academic achievement, and the well-being of workers and students, few studies have investigated time management in leisure settings. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal association between leisure-time management and subjective well-being among older adults.

Does Future Time Perspective Moderate Associations of Instrumental and Affective Attitude With Exercise Behavior? A Three-Wave Longitudinal Survey Among Japanese Older Adults.

Objectives: To develop effective promotion strategies for exercise behavior in older adults, it is essential to identify the psychological determinants. Previous studies investigated affective and instrumental attitudes as determinants. However, from the conceptual assumptions of socioemotional selectivity theory, affective attitudes might be more influential on the exercise behavior of older adults with an expansive future time perspective, whereas instrumental attitudes would be more influential on those with limited perspectives.

Between- and Within-Couple Concordance for Health Behaviors Among Japanese Older Married Couples: Examining the Moderating Role of Working Time.

Background: Although previous studies report spousal concordance for health behaviors at between-couple levels, concordance at within-couple levels remains unconfirmed. To clarify the behavioral mechanisms of spousal concordance for health behaviors among older couples at both levels, it is necessary to examine the moderators (effect modifiers) of spousal concordance. This study examined (1) whether spousal concordance for dietary variety, exercise behavior, and TV viewing behavior was observed at both the between-couple and the within-couple levels and (2) whether this spousal concordance was moderated by working time among older Japanese couples.

Memory for actions and reality monitoring in adults with autism spectrum disorder.

Reality monitoring is the cognitive process of distinguishing between internally and externally generated information sources such as imagined and performed actions. The purpose of this study was to examine self-self-monitoring with action in people with autism, which has not been examined previously, using subject performed tasks along with free recall and recognition. Twenty adults with ASD and 20 adults with typical development (TD) participated in this study.

Emotional valence of self-defining memories in older adults: A longitudinal study.

The present study aimed to evaluate the pleasantness bias and fading affect bias in self-defining memories (SDMs) and to examine the relationship between their emotional valence of SDMs and cognitive function and serotonin transporter polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR) with a prospective longitudinal method. Ninety-two older adults recalled SDMs twice at an interval of one year (T1 and T2). The results showed a pleasantness bias and a fading affect bias in SDMs.

Age differences in option choice: Is the option framing effect observed among older adults?

Previous studies reported that consumers choose a higher number of options in subtractive framing (-OF), which delete the unnecessary options from the full model with all options chosen than in additive framing (+OF), which adds options to a simple base model. The purposes of this study are to examine the effect of age on option framing and the differences of product type on the option framing effect using two product scenarios (travel package and medical examination). Participants were 40 younger and 40 older adults.

Hilly environment and frequency of going out-of-home among older adults: Examining moderating effect of driving status.

Aim: The health benefits of "going out-of-home" frequently among older adults are well known. A hilly environment would inhibit this habit. This study examined (i) longitudinal associations between a hilly environment and the frequency of going out-of-home, and (ii) the moderating effect of driving status on their association among older adults.

Three-year effects of neighborhood social network intervention on mental and physical health of older adults.

Objectives: Although neighborhood is considered to be a crucial source of social network to promote health among older adults, current findings are mostly derived from observational study designs. This study examined whether participations in event-based community programs could increase neighborhood social network and whether such increase could lead to desirable changes in mental and physical health among older adults.

Method: This study employed quasi-experimental design.

The impact of age on goal-framing for health messages: The mediating effect of interest in health and emotion regulation.

Messages to promote health behavior are essential when considering health promotion, disease prevention, and healthy life expectancy. The present study aimed to examine whether (1) positive and negative goal-framing messages affect message memory and behavioral intention differently in younger, middle-aged, and older adults, (2) framing effects are mediated by interest in health (health promotion and disease prevention) and emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), and (3) mediation effects differ between positive and negative frames. Participants (N = 1248) aged 20 to 70 years were divided into positive and negative frame conditions.

Distance to supermarkets and dietary variety among Japanese older adults: examining the moderating role of grocery delivery services.

Objective: To examine whether using grocery delivery services moderates the relationship between distance to supermarket and dietary variety among Japanese older adults.

Design: We conducted a 1-year prospective cohort study. Distance to supermarket was measured using geographic information systems.

Social Interaction in Walking Groups and Affective Responses Among Japanese Older Adults.

This study examined whether satisfaction with social interactions and the number of people interacted with during walking groups is associated with affective responses among older adults. Twenty-six older adults were asked to participate in five walking group sessions. The participants walked together for 40-50 min.

Memory for Rules and Output Monitoring in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This study examined factors related to repetitive errors in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from the perspective of output monitoring and memory for rules. Previous studies have suggested that output monitoring errors are associated with repetition errors. Moreover, people with ASD have a reduced memory for rules, which could result in repetitive errors.

Age-Related Differences in the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) Valence and Arousal Ratings among Japanese Individuals.

Unlabelled: Study Context: The question of whether relationships between valence and arousal might differ among older and younger adults has not yet been totally clarified. Previous studies focused on only age-related mean-differences, but in the current study mean differences and variance in emotional ratings for the International Affective Picture Systems (IAPS) were both examined in Japanese older and younger adults.

Methods: Participants were 31 older adults (69 ± 5.

Exercising Alone or Exercising With Others and Mental Health Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Longitudinal Analysis of Cross-Lagged and Simultaneous Effects.

Background: Although the beneficial effects of physical activity and exercise on mental health are well known, the optimal conditions for them for benefitting mental health are still unclear. Engaging in exercise with others might have more desirable effects on mental health than engaging in exercise alone. This study examined the associations between exercising alone, exercising with others, and mental health among middle-aged and older adults.

Different associations of routine work time with exercise behavior and objectively measured physical activity among middle-aged and older adults: a daily and longitudinal analysis.

This study examined whether routine work time was associated with exercise time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and step counts (SC) among middle-aged and older adults. A 7-day diary survey was conducted with 158 adults, and 138 participated in the 1-year follow-up survey for measuring routine work time and exercise time. An accelerometer was used to measure MVPA and SC, and a questionnaire assessed perceived barriers and self-efficacy.

Daily and longitudinal associations of out-of-home time with objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior among middle-aged and older adults.

This study examined the associations of time spent out of home with physical activity and sedentary behavior among middle-aged and older adults. A diary survey was conducted for 7 days with 157 adults to measure out-of-home time and working status. Time spent in sedentary behavior and levels of physical activity were measured using an accelerometer.

Spousal Concordance for Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity Among Middle-Aged and Older Couples.

Purpose: Although it has been proposed that 1 spouse's health behaviors might correlate with the other spouse's health behavior among married couples, few studies have focused on sedentary behavior. This study examined whether objectively measured sedentary behavior and physical activity are correlated with each other and whether attachment to one's spouse moderates such correlations among middle-aged and older married couples.

Methods: Seventy-two couples participated in the survey.

Brief Report: Memory for Self-Performed Actions in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Why Does Memory of Self Decline in ASD?

The decline in self-related memory in ASD was investigated by using encoding, forgetting, and source monitoring. Participants memorized action sentences verbally, observationally, or by enacted encoding. Then, they underwent recall, recognition, and source monitoring memory tests immediately and 1 week later.

Frequency of going outdoors and health-related quality of life among older adults: Examining the moderating role of living alone and employment status.

Aim: Going outdoors more frequently is beneficial for maintaining and improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among older adults. However, individual differences can alter the effects of going outdoors. The present study aimed to examine whether relationships between going outdoors and HRQOL were moderated by living alone and employment status.

Community intervention to increase neighborhood social network among Japanese older adults.

Aim: Strengthening neighborhood social networks is important for promoting health among older adults. However, effective intervention strategies aimed at increasing older adults' social networks have not yet been established. The present study examined whether a university-led community intervention that provided communication opportunities could increase older Japanese adults' neighborhood social networks.

Age and Gender Differences in Relationships Among Emotion Regulation, Mood, and Mental Health.

We investigated the effects of age on mood and mental health-mediated emotion regulation, such as cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and examined whether these relationships differ according to gender. We recruited 936 Japanese participants. They comprised six age groups ranging from 20 to 70 years old, with 156 participants in each age group and equal numbers of men and women.