Effect of combined resistance and aerobic training on reactive hyperemia in men.

Reduced response to reactive hyperemia (RH) in the extremities reflects impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the microvasculature. The aims of the present study were to determine whether resistance training and a combination of aerobic and resistance training increase the endothelial vasodilation of the forearm assessed by RH. A total of 39 young men were assigned to either high-intensity resistance training (HIR; six types of exercises, 80% 1RM x 10 repetitions x 3 sets, n = 14) or moderate-intensity resistance training (MIR; six types of exercises, 50% 1RM x 16 repetitions x 3 sets, n = 14) or a combination of high-intensity resistance training and moderate-intensity endurance training (COMBO; HIR and 60% maximal heart rate x 30 min, n = 11) groups.

Asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides catalyzed by chiral binaphthyldiimine-Ni(II) complexes.

Asymmetric cycloaddition reactions between several nitrile oxides and 3-(2-alkenoyl)-2-oxazolidinones and 2-(2-alkenoyl)-3-pyrazolidinone derivatives were carried out in the presence of chiral binaphthyldiimine (BINIM)-Ni(II) complexes as catalysts. Using (R)-BINIM-4(3,5-xylyl)-2QN-Ni(II) complex (30 mol %), good regioselectivity (4-Me/5-Me = 85:15) along with high enantioselectivity (96% ee) of the 4-Me adduct were obtained for the reaction between isolable 2,4,6-trimethylbenzonitrile oxide and 3-crotonoyl-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone. Substituted and unsubstituted benzonitrile oxides and aliphatic nitrile oxides, which were generated from the corresponding hydroximoyl chloride in the presence of MS 4A, were reacted with 3-crotonoyl-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, 5,5-dimethyl-3-(2-pentenoyl)-2-oxazolidinone, 5,5-dimethy-3-[3-(ethoxycarbonyl)propenoyl]-2-oxazolidinone, 1-benzyl-2-crotonoyl-5,5-dimethyl-3-pyrazolidinone, and 1-benzyl-2-[3-(ethoxycarbonyl)propenoyl]-5,5-dimethy-3-pyrazolidinone in the presence of (R)-BINIM-4Ph-2QN-Ni(II) or (R)-BINIM-4(3,5-xylyl)-2QN-Ni(II) complexes (10-30 mol %) as catalysts to give the corresponding cycloadducts in high yields, with high regioselectively (4-R/5-R = 85:15-99:1) and with moderate to high enantioselectivities (42-95% ee) of the 4-R adducts.

Simple detection of occluded coronary artery using retrograde flow in septal branch and left anterior descending coronary artery by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography at rest.

Background: We hypothesized that coronary flow assessment by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) for both intramyocardial collateral channel and epicardial channels would be useful for identifying occluded left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD).

Methods: We assessed flow direction in the LAD and the septal branch (SEP) by TTDE in 302 consecutive patients who were suggested to have ischemic heart disease. We defined antegrade LAD flow as a direction from the base to the apex of the left ventricle in the anterior groove area, and antegrade SEP flow as a direction from anterior to inferior in the anterior interventricular septum.