Assessment of Female Genital Surgery Education in Plastic Surgery Training: Report of an Expert Opinion Survey.

Background: Patient demand for aesthetic genital surgery has markedly increased. The International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery reported 95,010 labiaplasties and 50,086 vaginal rejuvenation procedures in 2015.

Methods: We performed an online anonymous survey to evaluate the teaching of female genital procedures in plastic surgery training programs worldwide.

Species and site contributions to β-diversity in fleas parasitic on the Palearctic small mammals: ecology, geography and host species composition matter the most.

The β-diversity of fleas parasitic on small mammals in 45 regions of the Palearctic was partitioned into species [species contributions to β-diversity (SCBD)] and site ( = assemblage) contributions [local contributions to β-diversity (LCBD)]. We asked what are the factors affecting SCBD and LCBD and tested whether (a) variation in ecological, morphological, life history and geographic traits of fleas can predict SCBD and (b) variation in flea and host community metrics, off-host environmental factors, host species composition of flea assemblages can predict LCBD. We used spatial variables to describe geographic distribution of flea assemblages with various LCBD values.

[FLEAS (SIPHONAPTERA) OF MAMMALS AND BIRDS IN THE CISCAUCASIA].

Flea fauna of Ciscaucasia is represented by 76 species, 13 of which are associated with birds and all the other with mammals. Rodent parasites are most numerous; fleas associated with predators, bats and insectivora are less abundant. Fleas parasitize on different species of birds of the orders Passeriformes, Anseriformes, Falconiformes, and Strigiformes.

"The Chignon Mastopexy": A Double Glandular Suspended Flaps for an Auto-Augmentation Effect.

Background: Many mastopexy techniques have been described in the literature focusing on the new nipple areolar complex position and the breast deflation treatment, but only few of them detailed the glandular volume redistribution to avoid the use of implants. We describe a mastopexy procedure that brings the maximum of the volume to the central part of the breast. We compare the procedure to a "chignon" hair style way to vulgarize the technique and simplify its comprehension.

[FLEAS (SIPHONAPTERA) OF MAMMALS AND BIRDS IN THE GREAT CAUCASUS].

There are 116 species of fleas in the territory of the Great Caucasus. 21 species are parasites of birds, others are the fleas of mammals. Among 41 genera of Caucasus' fauna only Caenopsylla, Phaenopsylla and Araeopsylla are absent in the Great Caucasus.

[Fleas (Siphonaptera) of mammals from the mountain area between the Kuban and Great Laba Rivers].

The flea fauna of mammals in the area between the Kuban and Great Laba Rivers contributes 47 species. The majority of mammal fleas parasitize on several hosts. Peculiarities of the species composition and the structure of flea communities dwelling in different altitudinal belts is estimated.

[Seasonal changes in the physiological age of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) imagoes on the Stavropol Elevation].

Ixodes ricinus imagoes were caught using a flannel flag in the April to October of 2011 to 2013. There were two seasons when these stages were numerous, namely: spring and autumn. The physiological age of 506 hungry I.

[Mammal flea (Siphonaptera) fauna in the interfluve of the Malaya Laba and Belaya Laba rivers].

The mammals in the interfluve of the Malaya Laba and Belaya Laba rivers were found to have fleas of 35 species; the main hosts for 2 of them were birds. Few hosts harbored most of animal parasites. The species composition and structure of fleas on small mammals greatly varies with high-altitude zones.

Optimizing the pedicled rectus abdominis flap: revised designs and vascular classification for safer procedures.

Background: The rectus abdominis myocutaneous (RAM) flap is one of the most commonly used flaps in reconstructive surgery, and many designs have been published. The transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM), vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM), and oblique designs (ORAM) are the most common. The most frequent complication with these flaps is partial flap necrosis.

The "reverse" latissimus dorsi flap for large lower lumbar defect.

The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is one of the most common flaps used in plastic surgery based on its dominant thoracodorsal pedicle as well as free tissue transfer. The "distally based" or "reverse" fashion design has been used to repair myelomeningoceles, congenital diaphragmatic agenesis, or thoracolumbar defects. We present a case of a large lumbar defect after cancer resection covered by a combined tegument solution starring the "reverse" LD flap in its muscular version with a cutaneous gluteal flap.

[Ways of the fleas (Siphonaptera) fauna formation in the Caucasus].

Fleas fauna of the Caucasus is considered, possible ways of its formation are discussed. Caucasian fleas belong to 155 species and 40 genera; 23 species are endemics. Hypothesis on Western Palearctic and Eastern Palearctic sources of the Caucasian fleas' fauna formation are proposed.

[Value of fleas in the natural foci of plague in the caucasus].

The paper characterizes the seasonal phenomena of the life cycle of fleas in relation to the intensity of epizootias in the natural foci of plague in the Caucasus. A situation determined by the vital activity of several species of fleas, the parasites of a major vehicle, is, in terms of pathogen transmission, established in each of 9 natural plague foci. They are combined by the nesting-borrow type of parasitism, which provides the wide distribution of plague pathogen among rodents.

[Rodent fleas (Siphonaptera, Insecta) in the Terek-Kuma interfluve].

The fauna of rodent fleas comprises 19 species in the Terek-Kuma interfluve. Most detected parasites settle together with their hosts within and outside this area. Only gerbils and their parasites are limited to the spread in a semi-desert zone.

[Chewing lice (Mallophaga) on birds in the Central Ciscaucasia].

Mallophaga parasitizing wild and domestic birds in the Central Ciscaucasia were studied; 8805 chewing lice specimens were collected and identified. At present, 102 species of Mallophaga are known from this territory, including 15 species recorded in the Central Ciscaucasia for the first time. Most of the chewing lice species in the region under study are parasites of Passeriformes.

[Breast reconstruction using the free TRAM flap in a private practice setting. A review of 20 cases].

Background: The breast reconstruction is an integral part of the treatment for breast cancer after mastectomy. A lot of methods were described like the free TRAM flap reconstruction. The technical difficulty, the length of the procedure and the post-operative monitoring of this reconstruction make it as an alternative used generally in a hospital setting.

[Hyalomma marginatum Koch in Stavropol' region].

Ixodes ticks of the species Hyalomma marginatum are widely spread in the semidesert and steppe landscape zones of the Stavropol Territory. The circle of the main hosts for the larvae and nymphs of these ticks includes many species of wild and domestic birds, European brown hare, four-toed and eared hedgehogs. Rodents are of no great importance for ticks as a feeding source.

[Study of the natural sensitivity of Ixodes to insecticides].

The article deals with the results obtained in the study of the natural sensitivity of the nature populations of Ixodes ticks to 4 insecticides. As revealed in this study, the ticks are highly sensitive to commercial preparations in different phases of their development. The selective sensitivity of different species of ticks to these preparations is noted.

[Borrelia species new to Russia--possible causative agents of ixodid tick-borne borreliosis].

18 Borrelia isolates, obtained in 1996-1997 from adult Ixodes ricinus collected from plants in the environs of Stavropol', were identified with the use of the polymerase chain reaction and the analysis of the polymorphism of the length of restriction fragments. Among them, in addition to B. garinii and B.

[Fleas of the Lake Evoron vole (Siphonaptera)].

In Lower Priamurje in summer of 1977-1979 Microtus evoronensis was parasitized mainly by fleas of Ceratophyllus calcarifer. Other seven species of fleas recorded from this animal are very rare. They are connected, in general, with other small mammals and birds.