[Efficacy of levimasole and nilverm on gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle and their effect on milk yield].

Effect of Levamisole and Nilverm on gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle and on the milk yield. The effect of Levamisole--pure substance and the preparation Nilverm on the milk yield of cattle was experimentally tested, however, significant positive results were not recorded. Following Nilverm application and after the experiments had been terminated, t-test showed significant daily decrease (2.

[The incidence of flukes of the genus Paramphistomum in Czechoslovakia].

An effort was made to evaluate objectively all findings on the variability of fluke of the family Paramphistomatidae and to give a clear survey on the species occurring in this country in order to be able to control it successfully in the case of widespread occurrence of paramphistomatosis or its intermediate hosts. The individual fluke species have specific intermediate hosts and a correct determination can make preventive measurements easier. Three species of rumen fluke live parasitically in the CSSR: Paramphistomum cervi, P.

[Repeated dehelminthization and its effect on the course of the natural infestation, of sheep by roundworms].

Long-continued use of levamizole for the control of gastrointestinal roundworms in sheep kept on pasture showed that the discrepancy in the results obtained in experiments and in the terrain is associated with the physiology of host and parasites. In practical use in the terrain, the preparation had an 85% effect in one case; otherwise the average effect was 61.1% and persisted five to six weeks in all flocks including those in which the animals were treated five times a year.

[Dissemination of helminths by the introduction of game animals].

The introduction of game animals and its practical consequences were studied in several areas of Bohemia and Moravia. There are 3 autochthonous species among the 8 game animal species living in Czechoslovakia. An exchange of parasites occurred among endemic and introduced game species.

[The influence of habitat on the occurrence of parasites in game animals].

We studied the incidence of parasites of game animals under conditions of the individual habitats occupied by game animals. Our investigations were made both in the open field and in game reserves for several game species, and also in biotopes where game animals come into contact with domestic ruminants. We detected 72 nematode species in a total of 8 species of game animals.

The impact of a different cattle management on the incidence of helminths in various age groups.

Under conditions of two types of cattle management (traditional and modern), we identified these helminth genera in the individual age groups of cattle: Strongyloides, Bunostomum, Cooperia, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Trichuris, Dictyocaulus, dicrocoelium, Fasciola and Moniezia. The incidence of helminths in calves escalates with the age of the host in dependence on the season and the composition of feeding doses. In older animals, helminthic infection is influenced by the type of pasture, the number of animals on one ha, and the treatment before turn out and after turn in.

[Helminthiases in newly established large-capacity breeding stations for cattle].

Invasions of gastrointestinal nematodes proved to be the most frequent helminthiases in new-established large-capacity herds of cattle according to the results of parasitary examinations of cattle in one locality in the Tachov district. The nematodes, especially Oesophagostomum spp., Haemonchus contortus, Cooperia spp.

Scanning electron microscopic study of the vulva of some trichurids (Nematoda).

The structure of vulva of four Trichocephalus species has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape of vulva and cuticular elements on vulval appendages is described and documented. The cuticular structures on the vulva have a characteristic shape specific for each species.

[Pastures as a source of helminthiasis invasions in sheep and cattle].

The aim of the study was to find out the influence of naturally invaded environment on heifers and sheep grazing in the open air for the first time, and/or possibilities of parasite transmission between domesticated and wild ruminants. Larvae were proved to be able to survive 11 months in the environment, even if the eggs had been eliminated with excrements to the grass in July at a high temperature of 26 degrees C. For instance, the larvae Nematodirus, Ostertagia, Chabertia and Trichostrongylus, belonging to the most resistant, survived from the July of one year to the June of the subsequent year in a closed sheep-run located on the pasture and excluding a possibility of access of other animals.

Helminths of wild ruminants introduced into Czechoslovakia.

The paper contains results of helminthological studies on ruminants introduced into Czechoslovakia from other regions and continents. It is pointed out that introduction of wild ruminants is not only of theoretical importance in the adaptation of parasites to a new environment, but also of practical consequence in the mutual exchange of parasites between the imported and autochthonous game animals.

Trematodes of domestic ruminants of Afghanistan and their role in pathology.

Seven trematode species were found in the bile ducts and rumen of domestic ruminants: Fasciola gigantica, F. hepatica, Gigantocotyle explanatum, G. siemense, Paramphistomum epiclitum, Fischoederius cobboldi and Gastrothylax cruminifer.