Evidence of direct and indirect reciprocity in network-structured economic games.

Formal theoretical models propose that cooperative networks can be maintained when individuals condition behavior on social standing. Here, we empirically examine the predictions of such models of positive and negative indirect reciprocity using a suite of network-structured economic games in four rural Colombian communities (N = 496 individuals, N = 53,876 ratings/transfers). We observe that, at a dyadic-level, individuals have a strong tendency to exploit and punish others in bad standing (e.

Social integration predicts survival in female white-faced capuchin monkeys.

Across multiple species of social mammals, a growing number of studies have found that individual sociality is associated with survival. In long-lived species, like primates, lifespan is one of the main components of fitness. We used 18 years of data from the Lomas Barbudal Monkey Project to quantify social integration in 11 capuchin () groups and tested whether female survivorship was associated with females' tendencies to interact with three types of partners: (1) all group members, (2) adult females, and (3) adult males.