Disruption of Lipid Profile, Glucose Metabolism, and Leptin Levels following Citalopram Administration and High-Carbohydrate and High-Cholesterol Diet in Mice.

Introduction: Depression therapy has been linked to negative effects on energy metabolism, which can be attributed to various factors, including an ongoing inflammatory process commonly seen in metabolic disorders. Unhealthy lifestyle choices of patients and the impact of antidepressants on body weight and lipid and glucose metabolism also contribute to these metabolic side effects. Although not as pronounced as other psychopharmaceuticals, the increasing use of antidepressants raises concerns about their potential impact on public health.

Potential impact on mental health in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia - clozapine augmentation with long-acting parenteral antipsychotics: a case series.

Introduction: The rate of pharmacoresistance among in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia is around 30%. Clozapineis the drug of choice for these patients; however, an adequate response to treatment doesn't always occur. One of the possible augmentation approaches, specifically for non-adherent patients, is the administration of long-acting parenteral antipsychotics.

Validation and verification of predictive salivary biomarkers for oral health.

Oral health is important not only due to the diseases emerging in the oral cavity but also due to the direct relation to systemic health. Thus, early and accurate characterization of the oral health status is of utmost importance. There are several salivary biomarkers as candidates for gingivitis and periodontitis, which are major oral health threats, affecting the gums.

Metabolic profile of methylazoxymethanol model of schizophrenia in rats and effects of three antipsychotics in long-acting formulation.

Mortality in psychiatric patients with severe mental illnesses reaches a 2-3 times higher mortality rate compared to the general population, primarily due to somatic comorbidities. A high prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity can be attributed to the adverse metabolic effects of atypical antipsychotics (atypical APs), but also to metabolic dysregulation present in drug-naïve patients. The metabolic aspects of neurodevelopmental schizophrenia-like models are understudied.

Olanzapine exposure diminishes perfusion and decreases volume of sensorimotor cortex in rats.

Background: Olanzapine is a frequently used atypical antipsychotic drug known to exert structural brain alterations in animals. This study investigated whether chronic olanzapine exposure alters regional blood brain perfusion assessed by Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a validated model of olanzapine-induced metabolic disturbances. An effect of acute olanzapine exposure on brain perfusion was also assessed for comparison.

Aripiprazole-induced adverse metabolic alterations in polyI:C neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia in rats.

Schizophrenia appears to be linked to higher incidence of metabolic syndrome even in the absence of antipsychotic treatment. Atypical antipsychotics substantially differ in their propensity to induce metabolic alterations. Aripiprazole is considered to represent an antipsychotic drug with low risk of metabolic syndrome development.

Depot risperidone-induced adverse metabolic alterations in female rats.

Atypical antipsychotics are associated with adverse metabolic effects including weight gain, increased adiposity, dyslipidaemia, alterations in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Increasing evidence suggests that metabolic dysregulation precedes weight gain development. The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations in adipokines, hormones and basic serum biochemical parameters induced by chronic treatment with depot risperidone at two doses (20 and 40 mg/kg) in female Sprague-Dawley rats.

Olanzapine-depot administration induces time-dependent changes in adipose tissue endocrine function in rats.

Objective: Metabolic adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics (AAP) contribute significantly to increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Extensive preclinical research has addressed this issue over the past years, though mechanisms underlying these adverse effects of AAP are still not understood completely. Recently, attention is drawn towards the role of adipose tissue metabolism and neurohormonal regulations.

[Effectiveness of phytotherapy in supportive treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus III. Momordica (Momordica charantia)].

Momordica charantia is a thermophilic voluble plant from the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa and the Caribbean. In central Europe, momordica requires greenhouse plantations. Mature fruits resemble a cucumber or a pumpkin and can be used as other similar vegetables.

Health safety issues of synthetic food colorants.

Increasing attention has been recently paid to the toxicity of additives used in food. The European Parliament and the Council published the REGULATION (EC) No. 1333/2008 on food additives establishing that the toxicity of food additives evaluated before 20th January 2009 must be re-evaluated by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

[Effectiveness of phytotherapy in supportive treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus II. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)].

Fenugreek seeds are known for their characteristic smell of soup seasoning and as an ingredient of Indian curry. Traditionally the seeds are used as macerate for the treatment of diabetes, cough, and flatulence, to increase breast milk secretion, and for anti-inflammatory and aphrodisiac effects. The use is limited by its unpleasant smell and bitter taste which can be modified by adding mint leaves to the macerate.

[Effectiveness of phytotherapy in supportive treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus Billberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)].

The billberry is well-known for its tasty blue-dyeing fruits. Historically the leaves and fruits were used to treat diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, dementia and cancer. Antidiabetic properties of the plant are attributed mostly to the content of anthocyanins and polyphenols.

The common pathophysiology underlying the metabolic syndrome, schizophrenia and depression. A review.

Background: There is a growing interest in metabolic alterations in patients with psychiatric disorders due to their increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) development. Inflammation is known to underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and depression as well as MetS. Vulnerability factors for schizophrenia/depression and MetS hence appear to be shared.

Metabolic syndrome - dysregulation of adipose tissue endocrine function.

Metabolic syndrome, acondition increasing cardiovascular morbidity, mortality and risk for diabetes mellitus type 2, is currently worldwide reaching epidemic proportions. This complex disorder represents an urgent challenge for new pharmacotherapeutic strategies formulation. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying metabolic syndrome are not completely understood, nevertheless growing evidence is supporting the hypothesis that multiple metabolic dysregulations do contribute to its development.

A comparison of the impact of amaranth flour and squalene on plasma cholesterol in mice with diet-induced dyslipidemia.

Amaranth was identified as a possible component of an anti-sclerotic diet. To date, particular substances responsible for this effect have not been exactly specified. Squalene, which is contained in amaranth, could be responsible for this effect.

Pigment epithelium-derived factor as a new marker of metabolic syndrome in Caucasian population.

Authors present that serum pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) is an independent marker of metabolic syndrome in Caucasianpopulation. PEDF was measured with new ELISA sandwich test. J.

Determination of serum zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein in patients with metabolic syndrome by a new ELISA.

Objectives: To develop an assay for the determination of ZAG in human serum, and to investigate its clinical relevance as a marker of metabolic syndrome.

Design And Methods: A new sandwich ELISA was introduced and clinically tested.

Results: ZAG serum level did not differentiate healthy subjects (27.

Treatment with atorvastatin reduces serum adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein value in patients with hyperlipidaemia.

Background: Adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) is a circulating protein expressed in adipocytes and macrophages. Several recent studies demonstrated that A-FABP might be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, particularly in dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of atorvastatin treatment (20 mg day(-1) for 3 months) on serum A-FABP value in subjects with hyperlipidaemia.

[A comparison of inhalatory beta2-mimetics with long-term action (formoterol vs. salmeterol)].

Asthma is a serious global health problem. People of all age groups in all countries of the world suffer from this chronic disease of the respiratory tract, which may have a very serious and sometimes fatal course. Most beta2-mimetics with a rapid onset of effect act for 4 to 6 hours.

Adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein, and epidermal fatty acid binding protein: proteins newly identified in human breast milk.

Background: Breastfeeding may protect children from developing metabolic syndrome and other diseases later in life. We investigated novel proteins in human breast milk that might play a role in this process.

Methods: We used ELISA to measure adiponectin, adipocyte and epidermal fatty acid binding proteins (AFABP, EFABP), and leptin concentrations in human breast milk obtained from 59 mothers 48 h after initiation of lactation.

[Study of a newly synthesized substance with a potential to stimulate beta3-adrenergic receptors].

beta3-Adrenoreceptor agonists can stimulate lipolysis in the white adipose tissue and thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue. These activities could be useful in the treatment of obesity and the associated metabolic syndrome. The effects of six-week oral administration of the newly synthesized substance B496 (methyl-4-[2-[2-hydroxy-3-(4-ethylcarbamoyl)phenoxyprophyl]amino]etyl)-phenoxyacetate hydrochloride) on serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin levels were studied in male Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet.

[Prednicarbate and cetirizin dihydrochloride in the treatment of atopic eczema in the acute phase in children].

The aim of the study was to monitor the impact of local application of prednicarbat (Dermatop, Hoechst-Biotika) and oral administration of cetirizin (Zyrtec, UCB) on the development of the acute stage of atopic eczema (AE) or acute exacerbation of the chronic form of AE in two groups of patients. Effectiveness and safety of both preparations were being evaluated in 80 children undergoing an outpatient treatment. In the first group, only prednicarbat cream was applied to affected places twice a day for a maximum of 10 days, while in the other group also cetirizin was administered once a day in a dosage according to the patient's age.

[Experimental study of resveratrol and flavonoids in red wine with regard to their possible hypolipemic effects].

Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilben) is a polyphenol (phytoalexin) naturally found in wine and different therapeutic plants. It is a substance with an antioxidant and estrogenic effect and the ability to inhibit the growth of some tumours. Some studies mention its possible antiaggregation, neuroprotective and antiallergic effect.