Loss-of-function variants identified in autosomal recessive cherubism families.

Cherubism (OMIM 118400) is a rare craniofacial disorder in children characterized by destructive jawbone expansion due to the growth of inflammatory fibrous lesions. Our previous studies have shown that gain-of-function mutations in SH3 domain-binding protein 2 (SH3BP2) are responsible for cherubism and that a knock-in mouse model for cherubism recapitulates the features of cherubism, such as increased osteoclast formation and jawbone destruction. To date, is the only gene identified to be responsible for cherubism.

Dental, skeletal and soft tissue changes after bimaxillary protrusion treatment with temporary anchorage devices using different retraction mechanics.

Background: Temporary anchorage devices (TADs), which are absolute anchorage, are used for retraction of the anterior teeth in cases of severe bimaxillary protrusion. There have been a number of studies regarding anterior tooth movement using TADs performed by simulation systems and actual treated materials with sliding mechanics. However, there are few studies regarding anterior tooth movement using TADs treated by loop mechanics The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TADs in anterior tooth movement using loop mechanics performed in actual cases of bimaxillary protrusion.

Insulin potentiates inhibitory synaptic currents between fast-spiking and pyramidal neurons in the rat insular cortex.

Insulin plays roles in brain functions such as neural development and plasticity and is reported to be involved in dementia and depression. However, little information is available on the insulin-mediated modulation of electrophysiological activities, especially in the cerebral cortex. This study examined how insulin modulates the neural activities of inhibitory neurons and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in rat insular cortex (IC; either sex) by multiple whole-cell patch-clamp recordings.

Tension force causes cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in osteocyte-like cell line MLO-Y4.

Bone remodelling is the process of bone resorption and formation, necessary to maintain bone structure or for adaptation to new conditions. Mechanical loadings, such as exercise, weight bearing and orthodontic force, play important roles in bone remodelling. During the remodelling process, osteocytes play crucial roles as mechanosensors to regulate osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

The changes in oral volume and hyoid bone position after maxillomandibular advancement and genioglossus advancement for patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Introduction: Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) and genioglossus advancement (GA) are surgeries for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Postoperative evaluation is primarily based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) measured by polysomnography. The purpose of this study was to identify the timing of hyoid bone relocation after MMA and GA surgery and to investigate whether or not hyoid bone relocation can be an indicator of postoperative evaluation of OSA.

Application of oxytocin with low-level laser irradiation suppresses the facilitation of cortical excitability by partial ligation of the infraorbital nerve in rats: An optical imaging study.

The effects of current treatments for neuropathic pain are limited. Oxytocin is a novel candidate substance to relieve neuropathic pain, as demonstrated in various animal models with nerve injury. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is another option for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Continuous Compressive Force Induces Differentiation of Osteoclasts with High Levels of Inorganic Dissolution.

BACKGROUND Osteoclast precursor cells are constitutively differentiated into mature osteoclasts on bone tissues. We previously reported that the continuous stimulation of RAW264.7 precursor cells with compressive force induces the formation of multinucleated giant cells via receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL) signaling.

Effect of mechanical strain-induced PGE production on bone nodule formation by rat calvarial progenitor cells.

High-magnitude mechanical strain inhibits bone nodule formation by reducing expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and muscle segment homeobox 2 (Msx2). Mechanical strain also induces production of proinflammatory factor prostaglandin E (PGE) by osteoblasts. We measured the effect of mechanical strain-induced PGE production on bone nodule formation and expression levels of bone formation-related factors.

Treatment of bimaxillary protrusion with temporary anchorage devices.

For treatment of severe bimaxillary protrusion in adults, a condition known to be among the most difficult to manage, both the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth must be fully retracted using all the extraction space available. This article reports the treatment of an adult with severe high-angle bimaxillary protrusion. To correct the protrusion of the anterior teeth, orthodontic anchor screws (OASs) were used to provide absolute anchorage during anterior retraction.

Continuous application of compressive force induces fusion of osteoclast-like RAW264.7 cells via upregulation of RANK and downregulation of LGR4.

Aims: During orthodontic treatment, facilitating osteoclastic bone resorption in the alveolar bone exposed to the compressive force (CF) is an important factor for tooth movement. The present study investigated the effect of CF stimulation on the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells from precursors to mature osteoclasts.

Cherubism Mice Also Deficient in c-Fos Exhibit Inflammatory Bone Destruction Executed by Macrophages That Express MMP14 Despite the Absence of TRAP+ Osteoclasts.

Currently, it is believed that osteoclasts positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP+) are the exclusive bone-resorbing cells responsible for focal bone destruction in inflammatory arthritis. Recently, a mouse model of cherubism (Sh3bp2 ) with a homozygous gain-of-function mutation in the SH3-domain binding protein 2 (SH3BP2) was shown to develop auto-inflammatory joint destruction. Here, we demonstrate that Sh3bp2 mice also deficient in the FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (c-Fos) still exhibit noticeable bone erosion at the distal tibia even in the absence of osteoclasts at 12 weeks old.

Satisfaction with orthognathic surgery of skeletal Class III patients.

Introduction: Class III relationships can be corrected with single-jaw or bimaxillary surgery. The purpose of this research was to assess patient satisfaction after bimaxillary surgery, compared with setback surgery alone, for Class III corrections. Identifying patients' relative levels of satisfaction will provide guidance for the selection of surgical options.

High-magnitude mechanical strain inhibits the differentiation of bone-forming rat calvarial progenitor cells.

Purpose: Orthodontic tooth movement occurs during the bone remodeling induced by therapeutic mechanical strain. It is important to investigate the relation between the strength of mechanical stress and bone formation activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of high-magnitude mechanical strain on bone formation in detail.

Longitudinal quantitative evaluation of the mid-palatal suture after rapid expansion using in vivo micro-CT.

New bone formation is known to occur between the opened palatal bones after rapid mid-palatal expansion (RME), although the time-dependent changes in the mid-palatal suture after RME have not been fully examined. Thus, we investigated time-dependent morphological changes in the mid-palatal suture using in vivo micro-computed tomography (mCT) and the expression of bone morphogenetic factors. RME was performed by inserting a 1.

Analysis of a force system for upper molar distalization using a trans-palatal arch and mini-implant: a finite element analysis study.

The purpose of this study was to analyse distal movements of molars in a force system using a trans-palatal arch (TPA), fixed to the maxillary first molar, and mini-implants placed at the palatal midline, considering the diagnostic standard for placement site in association with variation in upper molar locations, using finite element (FE) analysis. Three-dimensional FE models, divided by the differing direction of traction force, mesiodistal locations of the left and right molars, and the lateral location of the mini-implant were constructed. (1) When a traction force was fixed from the height of alveolar crest to the mini-implant placed at the middle of palate, the molars underwent bodily movement.

Osteoblasts stimulate osteoclastogenesis via RANKL expression more strongly than periodontal ligament cells do in response to PGE(2).

Objective: Periodontal ligament cells (PDLs) produce prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in response to orthodontic force. PGE(2) is a potent osteoclast-inducing factor that induces the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Some studies reported that PDLs express RANKL in response to mechanical stress, whereas another study reported that they do not.

Low-intensity laser irradiation stimulates mineralization via increased BMPs in MC3T3-E1 cells.

Background: Previously, we reported that low-intensity laser irradiation accelerated bone formation, and that this mechanism deeply involved insulin-like growth factor I expression. However, as bone formation is supported by many local factors, the mechanism involved in laser irradiation remains incompletely understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of laser irradiation on the osteogenic response in vitro.

Effect of Ga-Al-As laser irradiation on COX-2 and cPLA2-alpha expression in compressed human periodontal ligament cells.

Background And Objective: Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), which has bone-resorptive activity, is produced by human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in response to mechanical stress. We previously reported that low level laser (LLL) irradiation inhibited PGE(2) production in PDL cells in response to mechanical stress; however, the mechanism underlying this inhibitory effect was unclear. Thus, we sought to determine the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of LLL on PGE(2) production in compressed PDL cells.

Compressive force stimulates the gene expression of IL-17s and their receptors in MC3T3-E1 cells.

During orthodontic tooth movement, cytokines released from periodontal ligament fibroblasts and alveolar bone osteoblasts can alter the process of bone remodeling. Recently, interleukin-17 (IL-17) was found to stimulate osteoclastic resorption through osteoblasts by inducing receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) expression. However, the relationship between mechanical stress and IL-17 production by osteoblasts is not clear.

Low-intensity laser irradiation stimulates bone nodule formation via insulin-like growth factor-I expression in rat calvarial cells.

Background And Objective: We previously reported that low-intensity laser irradiation stimulated bone nodule formation through enhanced cellular proliferation and differentiation. However, the mechanisms of irradiation are unclear. Thus, we attempted to determine the responsibility of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I for the action observed.

Aging stimulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production in human periodontal ligament cells after the application of compressive force.

Background And Objectives: Some clinical studies show that alveolar crestal bone loss is higher in adults than in young patients during orthodontic treatment, but the causes of such a phenomenon have not been elucidated. It is known that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a proinflammatory agent and one of the potent osteoclast-inducing factors, and is produced by human periodontal ligament cells in response to orthodontic force. The aim of this study was to investigate age-related change in the biosynthetic capacity of PGE2 and its regulatory gene, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) from periodontal ligament cells in response to mechanical stress.

Optimal compressive force induces bone formation via increasing bone sialoprotein and prostaglandin E(2) production appropriately.

Although orthodontic tooth movement can promote bone formation, the molecular mechanism that underlies this phenomenon is not fully understood. The purposes of this study were to determine how mechanical stress affects the osteogenic response of human osteoblastic cells (Saos-2), and also examine the optimal compression for osteogenesis in vitro. Saos-2 cells cultured with or without continuously compressive force (0.