Age-related lung changes linked to altered lysosomal protease profile, histology, and ultrastructure.

Introduction: The aging process is intricately linked to alterations in cellular and tissue structures, with the respiratory system being particularly susceptible to age-related changes. Therefore, this study aimed to profile the activity of proteases using activity-based probes in lung tissues of old and young rats, focusing on the expression levels of different, in particular cathepsins G and X and matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs). Additionally, the impact on extracellular matrix (ECM) components, particularly fibronectin, in relation to age-related histological and ultrastructural changes in lung tissues was investigated.

Hyaluronic acid impacts hematological endpoints and spleen histological features in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus).

Since its identification in the vitreous humour of the eye and laboratory biosynthesis, hyaluronic acid (HA) has been a vital component in several pharmaceutical, nutritional, medicinal, and cosmetic uses. However, little is known about its potential toxicological impacts on aquatic inhabitants. Herein, we investigated the hematological response of Clarias gariepinus to nominal doses of HA.

Incidence, clinical features, and outcomes of posterior circulation ischemic stroke: insights from a large multiethnic stroke database.

Background: Posterior cerebral circulation ischemic stroke (PCS) comprises up to 25% of all strokes. It is characterized by variable presentation, leading to misdiagnosis and morbidity and mortality. We aim to describe PCS in large multiethnic cohorts.

Targeting the NF-κB p65/Bcl-2 signaling pathway in hepatic cellular carcinoma using radiation assisted synthesis of zinc nanoparticles coated with naturally isolated gallic acid.

Purpose: Oral diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a known hepatocarcinogen that damages the liver and causes cancer. DEN damages the liver through reactive oxygen species-mediated inflammation and biological process regulation.

Materials And Methods: Gallic acid-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zn-GANPs) were made from zinc oxide (ZnO) synthesized by irradiation dose of 50 kGy utilizing a Co-60 γ-ray source chamber with a dose rate of 0.

Prognostic model development and molecular subtypes identification in bladder urothelial cancer by oxidative stress signatures.

Background: Mounting studies indicate that oxidative stress (OS) significantly contributes to tumor progression. Our study focused on bladder urothelial cancer (BLCA), an escalating malignancy worldwide that is growing rapidly. Our objective was to verify the predictive precision of genes associated with overall survival (OS) by constructing a model that forecasts outcomes for bladder cancer and evaluates the prognostic importance of these genetic markers.

Proteolytic Activation of the Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC): Its Mechanisms and Implications.

Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) are integral to maintaining salt and water homeostasis in various biological tissues, including the kidney, lung, and colon. They enable the selective reabsorption of sodium ions, which is a process critical for controlling blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and overall fluid volume. ENaC activity is finely controlled through proteolytic activation, a process wherein specific enzymes, or proteases, cleave ENaC subunits, resulting in channel activation and increased sodium reabsorption.

Immune modulation and prognostic significance of MCM10 in pan-cancer: a comprehensive analysis.

Background: Oncogenic processes in cancer are often characterized by dysregulation of critical genes. Our study focused on the minichromosome maintenance 10 replication initiation factor (MCM10) gene's expression and its potential diagnostic and prognostic implications in pan-cancer.

Method: Leveraging large-scale genomic datasets, and experimental validation we embarked on a comprehensive analysis to shed light on the diagnostic and prognostic role of MCM10.

Enhancement of Radiation Sensitivity by Cathepsin L Suppression in Colon Carcinoma Cells.

Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally. Radiotherapy/Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the most common and effective cancer treatments. RT utilizes high-energy radiation to damage the DNA of cancer cells, leading to their death or impairing their proliferation.

The Significance of Cathepsin B in Mediating Radiation Resistance in Colon Carcinoma Cell Line (Caco-2).

Cathepsins (Caths) are lysosomal proteases that participate in various physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence suggests that caths play a multifaceted role in cancer progression and radiotherapy resistance responses. Their proteolytic activity influences the tumor's response to radiation by affecting oxygenation, nutrient availability, and immune cell infiltration within the tumor microenvironment.

Leukotriene signaling as molecular correlate for cognitive heterogeneity in aging: an exploratory study.

Introduction: Aging is in general associated with a decline in cognitive functions. Looking more closely, there is a huge heterogeneity in the extent of cognitive (dys-)abilities in the aged population. It ranges from the population of resistant, resilient, cognitively unimpaired individuals to patients with severe forms of dementias.

Umbelliferone potentiates intestinal protective effect of Lactobacillus Acidophilus against methotrexate-induced intestinal injury: Biochemical and histological study.

Intestinal injury is a common adverse effect of methotrexate (MTX) therapy, limiting its clinical use. Despite oxidative stress and inflammation being the most embedded mechanism of injury, pharmacological agents that exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory impacts could prevent such toxicities. This study aimed to assess the enteroprotective effect of lactobacillus acidophilus (LB) and/or umbelliferone (UMB) against MTX-induced intestinal injury.

Nigella sativa seeds mitigate the hepatic histo-architectural and ultrastructural changes induced by 4-nonylphenol in Clarias gariepinus.

Due to its prevalence in aquatic environments and potential cytotoxicity, 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) has garnered considerable attention. As a medicinal plant with numerous biological activities, Nigella sativa (black seed or black cumin) seed (NSS) is widely utilized throughout the world. Consequently, this study aimed to examine the potential protective effects of NSS against 4-NP-induced hepatotoxicity in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus).

Experimental comparison between steam and water tilt-angle injection effects on NOx reduction from the gaseous flame.

Nitrogen oxide emissions control is a technology that meets the air pollutant reduction criteria in the energy production field, and it becomes more stringent yearly. Thus, this study experimentally compares the effects of direct-water and -steam injections at different tilting angles on NOx emission reduction. Using the experimental study conducted in the Combustion Laboratory of the Mechanical Power Department at the Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Egypt, the exhaust gas temperature was found to be the main parameter affecting NOx emission.

Reinstatement of synaptic plasticity in the aging brain through specific dopamine transporter inhibition.

Aging-related neurological deficits negatively impact mental health, productivity, and social interactions leading to a pronounced socioeconomic burden. Since declining brain dopamine signaling during aging is associated with the onset of neurological impairments, we produced a selective dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor to restore endogenous dopamine levels and improve cognitive function. We describe the synthesis and pharmacological profile of (S,S)-CE-158, a highly specific DAT inhibitor, which increases dopamine levels in brain regions associated with cognition.

Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Prophylactic Voriconazole and Fluconazole Regarding Prevention of Post-hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Invasive Fungal Infection and Its Related Death: A Single Center Experience.

Purpose: Analyzing effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of voriconazole versus fluconazole prophylaxis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Methods: The research included 70 patients; 34 undergoing allogeneic HSCT and 36 undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), alternated to receive either voriconazole or fluconazole prophylaxis for 180 days on a 1:1 basis. Patients were monitored for occurrence of invasive fungal infections (IFI), IFI-related death (IRD) and total death events.

Differential modulation of host immune genes in the kidney and cranium of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae and Myxobolus cerebralis co-infections.

Background: Most of the studies on fish diseases focus on single infections, although in nature co-infections occur more often. The two freshwater myxozoan parasites of salmonids, having high economic and ecologic relevance are Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Malacosporea), the etiological agent of proliferative kidney disease, and Myxobolus cerebralis (Myxosporea), the etiological agent of whirling disease. The present study aims to investigate immune modulation in rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during single and co-infections by these parasites.

The impact of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae and Myxobolus cerebralis co-infections on pathology in rainbow trout.

Background: Myxozoan parasites pose emerging health issues for wild and farmed salmonid fish. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a particularly susceptible species to Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Malacosporea), the etiological agent of Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD), and to Myxobolus cerebralis (Myxosporea), the etiological agent of Whirling Disease (WD). The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of myxozoan co-infections on the pathogenesis of PKD and WD in the rainbow trout.

A RNAi-based therapeutic proof of concept targets salmonid whirling disease in vivo.

Myxobolus cerebralis is a cnidarian-myxozoan parasite that causes salmonid whirling disease. M. cerebralis alternates between two hosts: (1) a vertebrate salmonid and (2) an invertebrate oligochaete, Tubifex tubifex.

The impact of co-infections on fish: a review.

Co-infections are very common in nature and occur when hosts are infected by two or more different pathogens either by simultaneous or secondary infections so that two or more infectious agents are active together in the same host. Co-infections have a fundamental effect and can alter the course and the severity of different fish diseases. However, co-infection effect has still received limited scrutiny in aquatic animals like fish and available data on this subject is still scarce.

Migrating zooids allow the dispersal of Fredericella sultana (Bryozoa) to escape from unfavourable conditions and further spreading of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae.

Fredericella sultana (Bryozoa: Phylactolaemata) is a primary host in the two-host life cycle of the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the etiological agent of Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD) in salmonids. Overtly infected F. sultana colonies were collected from River Kamp (Lower Austria), following the first PKD outbreak affecting autochthonous brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Austria.

The modified Norwegian method of biceps tenodesis: how well does it work?

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes and complications in a series of patients who underwent the modified Norwegian method (MNM) of biceps tenodesis by a single shoulder surgeon.

Methods: A retrospective review of charts from all patients who underwent the modified Norwegian method of biceps tenodesis by the senior author during a 5-year period between 2008 and 2013 was performed. After all patients were identified, informed consent was obtained and DASH and ASES surveys were administered.

First Proliferative Kidney Disease outbreak in Austria, linking to the aetiology of Black Trout Syndrome threatening autochthonous trout populations.

Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD) was diagnosed in juvenile autochthonous brown trout Salmo trutta for the first time in Austria during summer 2014. Cytology showed Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae sporoblasts, and histology revealed sporogonic (coelozoic) and extrasporogonic (histozoic) stages. Analysis of malacosporean ribosomal small subunit revealed that this strain is closely related to European isolates, although its source is unknown.

Validation of a VerifyNow-P2Y12 cartridge for monitoring platelet inhibition with clopidogrel.

Despite common use of clopidogrel in patients with vascular disease, monitoring of platelet inhibition is still not conventional in clinical practice. Considering substantial response variability, when some patients may experience inadequate protection, and/or increased risk of bleeding, simple and reliable methods to control adequate antiplatelet regimen is mandatory. We validated a new VerifyNow-P2Y12 assay to measure inhibition of the P2Y12 platelet receptors by clopidogrel by evaluating its receptor specificity, precision, and potential interference with platelet count, hematocrit, age, cholesterol, triglycerides, and other antiplatelet agents.