[Comparative characteristics of hemostasis system in patients with endstage renal disease admitted for urgent and elective hemodialysis].

Aim: To evaluate parameters of hemostasis system in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with consideration of elective or urgent start of dialysis treatment.

Material And Methods: A total of 47 patients with ESRD entered the study. They were divided into two groups depending on urgent (group 1) or elective (group 2) start of hemodialysis.

[Laboratory monitoring in intrahospital urinary tract infection in a urologic hospital].

Of late, there has been a strong tendency to growing occurrence of intrahospital infections (IHI) caused by opportunistic pathogens. IHI of the urinary system is leading among them. IHI diagnosis is made basing on both clinical and microbiological data.

[Kidney damage in primary antiphospholipid syndrome].

Aim: To characterize clinical manifestations, course and laboratory signs of nephropathy in primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAS).

Material And Methods: 6 patients with PAS and renal affection were observed for 10 years since 1991. They were examined for anticardiolipin antibodies and/or lupus anticoagulant.

[Efficacy of meropenem in the treatment of severe complicated urinary tract infections].

The clinical and bacteriological efficacies of meropenem in the treatment of 12 patients with urinary tract infection were studied. In 8 patients the drug was administered intravenously in a dose of 1 g every 8 hours and in 4 patients with the creatinine clearance below 50 ml/min it was administered in a dose of 1 g every 12 hours (the treatment course of 7 to 10 days). Meropenem was used in the monotherapy.

[The rapid microbiological control of the efficacy of the antibacterial therapy of bacteremia and septicemia].

No previous isolation of the agent on the media is needed in using a new microbiological express-method of automatic control over antibacterial therapy of bacteremia and septicemia. The method is efficient in determination of sensitivity to the drug of the whole heterogeneous population of bacteria. It does not predict efficacy of antibacterial therapy but states the presence or absence of the effect in vivo.

[The etiological structure of the causative agents of inflammatory nonspecific urological diseases and the dynamics of their resistance to the widely used antibiotics].

Of late, a trend to a marked loss in antibacterial efficacy of some antibiotics, for instance gentamycin and carbenicillin, is noted. This is due to changes in the microflora composition and sensitivity to antibiotics, an increase in the number of polyresistant microorganism strains. As gentamycin is effective now only against E.

[Effectiveness of cefpirome in the treatment of complicated infections of the upper and lower urinary tracts].

Two hundred and two isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens of urinary tract infection were tested for their susceptibility to cefpirome. In 64 to 97 per cent of the cases the susceptibility was high and exceeded that of other cephalosporins used in the treatment of urological patients. Cefpirome was used in the treatment of 26 patients with signs of urinary tract infection: 19 patients with pyelonephritis and 7 patients with prostatitis.

[Outlook and experience in using ofloxacin in urology].

Ofloxacin was used in the empirical and etiotropic therapy of patients with severe urinary tract infection. The trial was based on the previous experience with ofloxacin in the treatment of various forms of urological infection with determination of the pathogen susceptibility and study of the drug pharmacokinetics in patients with normal and impaired renal function. For the first 3 to 5 days in the present study ofloxacin was administered in a dose of 200 mg twice a day followed by its oral use in the same dosage for 3 to 5 days.

[The use of cephmetazon in treating infectious inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower urinary tract].

A clinical trial of cephmethasone (Sankyo, Japan) has been performed in 40 patients with pyelonephritis. 3 patients with chronic cystitis. 19 patients with chronic prostatitis.

[The efficacy of bacteriophage preparations in treating inflammatory urologic diseases].

Urinary infection is the most commonly encountered hospital infection. Antibacterial therapy promotes selection and dissemination of polyresistant microorganism strains, development of intestinal dysbacteriosis, reduction of intestinal contamination resistance. Clinical and bacteriological efficacy of urinary infection treatment with bacteriophage preparations (pyocyanic, proteus, staphylococcal, coliphage, combined pyobacteriophage) was studied.

[Lomefloxacin in the treatment and prevention of urogenital infection].

A new antibiotic from fluoroquinolone series maxaquine (lomefloxacin) made in USA (Searle [correction of Surl]) has been tried in the treatment of urogenital infection (chronic cystitis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, acute epididymitis, chlamydial urethroprostatitis) as well as to warrant antibacterial preparation before extracorporeal lithotripsy. The duration of the treatment course (3-28 days) was oriented to nosological form. The 24-h dose ranged from 400 to 800 mg.

[Effectiveness of cefmetazole in the treatment of infectious-inflammatory urologic diseases].

An open non-comparative clinical trial of cefmetazole in the treatment of 40 patients with infections of the lower and upper urinary tracts was performed. The clinical results were excellent and good in 100 per cent of the cases. In 75 per cent of the cases the efficacy was bacteriological (complete eradication of the pathogen).

[The differential microbiological diagnosis of bacteremia and sepsis and the results of its practical use].

A rapid method for the detection of classical forms of bacteria and their cell-wall defective (CWD) variants in the blood has been developed and approved. The method is based on the kinetic analysis of bacterial growth with the use of nephelometry. The analysis lasts 3-10 hours.

[An immunological analysis of bacterial persistence in the bone marrow].

A method for the evaluation of bacterial persistence in the bone marrow in association with particular clonogenic target cells was developed. The method was based on the negative selection of cells expressing microbial antigens after treatment with hyperimmune antiserum specific to a given infective agent and the subsequent quantitation of target cells thus eliminated in appropriate assays. Using this approach, we demonstrated that Mycoplasma arthritidis and L-forms of Streptococcus strain L-406 were capable of persisting in murine bone marrow in close association with CFUs-7 (a subpopulation of hematopoietic stem cells) for at least several months after experimental infection.

[Ligenten--a combination drug with anesthetic and antibacterial action for local use in urology and gynecology].

Ligenten gel is a combined dosage form containing gentamicin (a broad spectrum antibiotic), lidocaine (an anesthetic) and ethonium (an antiseptic). The hydrogel sodium carboxymethylcellulose in combination with polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as the ligenten base. The clinical trials in urologic and gynecologic patients showed that ligenten had a high therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, as well as an anesthetic action in instrumental examinations and surgical endoscopic manipulations.

[The clinical efficacy of the new drug agent ligentén in urology patients].

A clinical trial was made of a new gel ligenten intended for local urethral anesthesia and treatment of infection and inflammation in the lower urinary tracts. Ligenten was given to 52 patients to manage bladder, prostate, urethral infection and inflammation, for local prophylaxis before cystoscopy, urethral bouginage and transurethral surgery. Apparent advantages of intraurethral introduction of the analgetic compared to instrument lubrication are demonstrated.

[The prevention of infectious-inflammatory complications in the postoperative period in percutaneous surgical interventions in patients with urolithiasis].

The paper describes a number of modifications in the operative procedures, pre-, intra- and postoperative antibacterial treatment introduced to decrease the number and severity of infectious-inflammatory complications of endourological surgery for urolithiasis; presents the results of anti-bacterial prophylaxis of urinary infection aggravation in 29 patients suffering from urolithiasis combined with renal anomalies. Antibacterial treatment was performed with ftorquinolone drug ciprinol (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride) made in Slovenia. 18 patients received ciprinol twice a day at a dose 500 mg 3-5 days before the operation and within 5-7 postoperative days.

[Sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment and prevention of urologic diseases].

Efficacy and safety of unasyn, a combination of sulbactam and ampicillin, was studied in the treatment of 66 patients with infections of the urogenital organs. The drug was administered intramuscularly, intravenously and orally. The treatment course averaged 7-14 days.

[Clinical effectiveness of pefloxacin (abaktal)in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, urinary tracts and genital organs].

Pefloxacin (Abaktal) was used in treatment of 83 patients: 14 patients with acute pyelonephritis, 5 patients with carbuncle of the kidney, 17 patients with postoperative acute pyelonephritis, 3 patients with urosepsis, 7 patients with acute prostatitis, 18 patients with chronic pyelonephritis in the phase of active inflammation, 9 patients with exacerbation of chronic prostatitis, 3 patients with acute cystitis, 2 patients with acute urethritis and 5 patients with epididymo-orchitis. Two dosage forms of pefloxacin were used i.e.

[Antimicrobial activity of pefloxacin in comparison with other quinolones].

The antibiotic sensitivity of 338 microbial cultures isolated from patients with inflammatory renal and urinary diseases was studied. 66.3 per cent of the isolates proved to be poly-resistant which corresponded to rurological patient specificity.

[Bacterial toxic shock in urological diseases].

It is a review of present-day and historical aspects of bacterial toxic shock arising in urological setting. It is noted that conditions of its onset are changing, therapeutic approaches undergo revision, critical care facilities are updated. Among the causes of this complication the authors single out endoscopic procedures, transurethral interventions in the presence of infectious process, hospital infection, long stay at hospital.

[The use of ampicillin/sulbactam (Unasyn) in treating inflammatory urological diseases].

Unasyn is a combination of ampicillin, a bactericidal antibiotic, and sulbactam, an inhibitor of beta-lactamases. It was used in treatment of 36 patients with urogenital infections. The combination was administered intravenously and in the main intramuscularly.

[New quinolones in urological diseases of an inflammatory nature].

New drugs of the group of the 3rd generation fluoroquinolones i. e. norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin possess a high antibacterial activity against the majority of the problem causative agents of urinary infections.