Ultrasound of the distal biceps brachii tendon using four approaches: reproducibility and reader preference.

Objectives: To determine which sonographic appearance of the distal biceps brachii tendon (DBBT) is preferred by readers, and if images obtained by two different operators are reproducible.

Methods: We performed an IRB-approved prospective sonographic evaluation of the DBBT in 50 healthy elbows using four different approaches (anterior, lateral, medial, posterior) performed by two operators. Five musculoskeletal radiologists independently reviewed the images, and ranked the four approaches based on overall appearance of echogenicity of the tendon, visualized length, and visualization of the insertion.

Skeletal development of the glenoid and glenoid-coracoid interface in the pediatric population: MRI features.

Objective: To assess the MRI appearance of normal skeletal development of the glenoid and glenoid-coracoid interface in the pediatric population. To the best of our knowledge, this has not yet been studied in detail in the literature.

Materials And Methods: An IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective review of 105 consecutive shoulder MRI studies in children, ages 2 months to 18 years was performed.

Skeletal development of the proximal humerus in the pediatric population: MRI features.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide a guideline of normal MRI developmental anatomy of the proximal humerus in a growing child.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective interpretation of 83 consecutive MRI studies of shoulders in children 2 months to 17 years old was performed in consensus by two radiologists. The following variables were documented: presence, number, and fusion of secondary ossification centers; appearance and closure of the growth plate; presence of the metaphyseal stripe; and proximal metaphyseal marrow signal intensity.

Intraoperative ketorolac has an opioid-sparing effect in women after diagnostic laparoscopy but not after laparoscopic tubal ligation.

Ketorolac tromethamine (Toradol) is a parenteral, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug that is being extensively used to provide postoperative analgesia. This study evaluated whether intraoperative ketorolac would act synergistically with fentanyl to decrease postoperative analgesic requirements in outpatients undergoing gynecologic procedures. The patients studied were adult ASA physical status I or II females scheduled for diagnostic laparoscopy (DL) (n = 80) or laparoscopic tubal ligation (TL) (n = 46).

Somatostatin inhibits bombesin-stimulated Gi-protein via its own receptor in rabbit colonic smooth muscle cells.

The effect of somatostatin on Bombesin-induced contraction of isolated rabbit colonic smooth muscle cells was examined. Preincubation of muscle cells with somatostatin 10(-6) M inhibited bombesin-induced contraction. To characterize somatostatin receptors, muscle cells (10(5) cells/tube) were incubated at 24 degrees C with 125I-Tyr0-SS-28.

Desflurane versus propofol anesthesia: a comparative analysis in outpatients.

This study compares the induction, hemodynamic, and recovery characteristics of a general anesthetic with desflurane to one with propofol. Sixty outpatients presenting for orthopedic surgery received either a propofol induction of anesthesia followed by desflurane and nitrous oxide (Group 1), a propofol induction followed by propofol infusion and nitrous oxide (Group 2), a desflurane and nitrous oxide induction and maintenance (Group 3), or a desflurane induction and maintenance (Group 4). The quality of induction was inferior in Groups 3 and 4 with more breath-holding and excitation than in Groups 1 and 2.

Propofol versus thiamylal-enflurane anesthesia for outpatient laparoscopy.

Study Objective: To determine whether propofol anesthesia differs from thiamylal-enflurane anesthesia in induction characteristics, intraoperative hemodynamics, postoperative side effects, and postoperative psychomotor function recovery.

Design: A randomized, double-blind, two-group study.

Setting: A large university hospital with gynecologic outpatient operations performed in an integrated operating room suite.

Intravenous narcotics for premedication in outpatient anaesthesia.

One hundred adult female patients scheduled for outpatient laparoscopic procedures were studied. Each patient received intravenous premedication about 30 min before induction of anaesthesia. The premedications were given in a double-blind random order and were either a placebo, morphine (0.

Comparison of fentanyl and butorphanol for outpatient anaesthesia.

Equianalgesic doses of butorphanol (40 micrograms X kg-1) and fentanyl (2.0 micrograms X kg-1) were compared as supplements to balanced general anaesthesia for outpatient laparoscopic procedures. Thirty-six adult female patients (ASA physical status I or II) participated in the study.

Premedication with cimetidine and metoclopramide. Effect on the risk factors of acid aspiration.

A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study was conducted in adult females to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination of cimetidine 300 mg orally and metoclopramide 10 or 20 mg intravenously in reducing pre-operative residual gastric volume and raising gastric pH. The effect of preoperative metoclopramide on postoperative nausea and vomiting was also investigated. Oral cimetidine was given approximately 2-2.

Intravenous dezocine for postoperative pain: a double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison with morphine.

Dezocine, a new mixed agonist-antagonist opioid analgesic, and morphine were compared in a double-blind study in 206 patients with postoperative pain. The analgesic efficacy of single intravenous injections of dezocine (2.5, 5.

A double-blind comparison of orally administered ciramadol and codeine for relief of postoperative pain.

Ciramadol, a new analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist actions, was compared with codeine and placebo in a double-blind study in 343 patients with postoperative pain. The patients received a single oral dose of either 30 or 60 mg of ciramadol, 60 mg of codeine, or placebo. As indicated by three efficacy measures (verbal and visual analog pain scores and pain relief scores), the three active treatments were superior to placebo in relieving pain, and 30 and 60 mg of ciramadol generally were equivalent and superior, respectively, to 60 mg of codeine.

Double-blind placebo-controlled comparison of dezocine and morphine for post-operative pain relief.

Dezocine, a new mixed agonist-antagonist-type opioid analgesic, was compared in a double-blind trial with placebo and 10 mg of morphine in 190 patients with acute postoperative pain. The medications were given intramuscularly. Dezocine was administered at three dose levels (5, 10, and 15 mg).

Effect of halogenated anaesthetics on heart rate changes during reversal of neuromuscular block with glycopyrrolate and neostigmine.

The effect of halothane and enflurane on changes in heart rate during reversal of neuromuscular blockade was compared in 48 patients. Premedication and anaesthetic technique was standardized. Either halothane or enflurane was used as the primary anaesthetic.

Physostigmine fails to reverse clinical, psychomotor, or EEG effects of lorazepam.

Physostigmine salicylate (2.0 mg) or 0.9% NaCl (2.

Modification by halogenated anaesthetics of chronotropic response during reversal of neuromuscular blockade.

The effect of halothane and enflurane on changes in heart rate during reversal of neuromuscular block was compared in 48 adult patients. Premedication and anaesthetic technique were standardized. Either halothane or enflurane was the primary anaesthetic while pancuronium was used in all patients to achieve muscle relaxation.

Plasma levels of ketamine and two of its metabolites in surgical patients using a gas chromatographic mass fragmentographic assay.

Ketamine and two of its metabolites were determined up to 24 hours by a sensitive and specific gas chromatographic mass fragmentographic (GCMF) assay in the plasma of seven premedicated surgical patients. Each patient received ketamine in a dose between 2.0 and 2.

Time course of antirecall effect of diazepam and lorazepam following oral administration.

The time course of antirecall effect and grades of sedation after the oral administration of diazepam and lorazepam were determined in 120 patients. Three standard doses of each drug were employed. Grades of sedation following oral diazepam were dose related, with a latency of 30-60 min and duration of 120-150 min.

Improved method for the identification of the fluoride-resistant plasmacholinesterase genotypes.

This investigation was prompted by the findings that (1) dibucaine-resistant homozygotes and heterozygotes for plasmacholinesterase also exhibit resistance to fluoride inhibition, (2) the differentiation of dibucaine-resistant from the fluoride-resistant genotypes is ambiguous with the method of Harris and Whittaker, (3) the plasmacholinesterase inhibition by Na fluoride (FN) is markedly influenced by the temperature. Therefore, we modified their method by increasing (1) the temperature of the reaction from 25C to 37C and (2) the concentration of Na fluoride from 5.0 x 10(-5) M to 2.

Lack of cardiovascular stimulation during endotracheal intubation in cardiac surgical patients anesthetized with diazepam-ketamine-pancuronium.

Anesthesia was induced with diazepam-ketamine-pancuronium in 12 adult patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. Intubation caused no significant changes in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, or plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine. Circulatory stability was an advantage in critically ill patients.

Floride inhibition in patients with atypical dibucaine-resistant plasmacholinesterase.

The fluoride numbers (FN) of 144 individuals referred to our laboratory for dibucaine number (DN) determinations because of prolonged apnea following succinylcholine in the probands or relatives were determined by our new method using 2.5 X 10(4) M concentration of sodium fluoride at 37 C. Dibucaine-resistant homozygotes and heterozygotes both had lower FN than the normal homozygotes.