[Examination of selected biological properties for swarm cells in Proteus mirabilis].

Certain biological properties, which generally are thought to play a role in the bacterial pathogenicity, were compared in short rods, swarm cells and penicillin-induced filaments of Proteus mirabilis S1959. Swarm cells of P. mirabilis S1959 weakly adhere to human uroepithelial cells and also do not penetrate L929 line of mouse fibroblasts.

Potential virulence factors of Proteus bacilli.

The object of this review is the genus Proteus, which contains bacteria considered now to belong to the opportunistic pathogens. Widely distributed in nature (in soil, water, and sewage), Proteus species play a significant ecological role. When present in the niches of higher macroorganisms, these species are able to evoke pathological events in different regions of the human body.

[Structural and immunologic studies of Proteus mirabilis 033 O-specific polysaccharide].

O-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of P. mirabilis 033 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It was found to contain N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-L-fucosamine in a ratio 1:1:1.

[Characterization of hemolytic activity of Proteus penneri].

Bacteria belonging to the genus Proteus synthesise two kinds of hemolysins HpmA and HlyA which represent "RTX proteins". In previous papers we described the production of an extracellular HlyA hemolysin by some P. penneri strains.

Properties of a deep Proteus R mutant isolated from clinical material.

Some biological features of a deep P. mirabilis 17301 R mutant isolated from the urine of a patient with chronic UTI were studied and compared with similar features of P. mirabilis S forms and five induced Proteus R mutants of different chemotypes.

Hemolytic activity and invasiveness in strains of Proteus penneri.

Twenty strains of Proteus penneri obtained from the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga., were tested for their ability to hemolyze sheep and human erythrocytes, a property that is thought to be connected with the invasiveness and virulence of Proteus species. In the logarithmic phase of growth, P.

Structure of the 0-specific polysaccharide of Proteus mirabilis S 1959.

The complete structure of the 0-specific polysaccharide of the strain Proteus mirabilis S 1959, as analyzed by 13C NMR, is presented. Some data demonstrating the significant heterogeneity of the 0-specific chain in the investigated lipopolysaccharide are also described.

Cell invasiveness of Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris strains.

Cell penetration ability of haemolytic and non haemolytic Proteus rods was compared. Among four Proteus strains all were able to invade the tested cells (Vero 135, HeLa, L-929 and human blood lymphocytes) but the expression of this feature by haemolytic strains was markedly higher. The survival and multiplication of intracellular bacteria, especially in the case of fresh human blood lymphocytes may be of importance for the development of infection in higher organisms.

Comparison of lipopolysaccharides of Rhodomicrobium vannielii grown in photo- and chemotropic conditions.

Chemical composition of the lipopolysaccharides obtained from the strain Rhodomicrobium vannielii (ZoBell) grown in photo- and chemoheterotrophic conditions was compared. No significant differences in the constitution of both lipopolysaccharides were revealed, except for the presence of an additional 2-0-methyl-pentose and palmitic acid in the LPS isolated from the chemotrophically grown bacteria. The degraded polysaccharides from both lipopolysaccharide preparations, when fractionated in column chromatography, revealed the occurrence of two fractions only: the first one containing all the sugars present in the respective lipopolysaccharide and the second composed of KDO.

Lipopolysaccharide phage receptor of Proteus mirabilis 1959 strain. Site of phage-mediated hydrolysis in O-specific polysaccharide.

The oligosaccharides isolated as products of phage "otto" provoked degradation of LPS provided by the host strain P. mirabilis 1959 were investigated. The site of phage mediated hydrolysis was shown to be the linkage 1,4(2) between galactosamine and glucuronic acid in the main chain of O-specific polysaccharide.

Galacturonic acid as the terminal constituent in the R core polysaccharide of proteus R110 (Ra) mutant.

Terminal non-reducing position of GalUA residue in the R core region of P. mirabilis R110 (Ra)mutant was established by GLC/MS analysis of methylated degraded polysaccharide. This position of GalUA is exceptional as compared with the terminal constituents present in the known structures of R core polysaccharides in Enterobacteriaceae.

Some biological features of Proteus bacilli. 2. Haemolytic activities of Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris strains.

The haemolytic activities of Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris strains were studied under different conditions. No filterable alpha haemolysin could be detected in P.

Some biological features of Proteus bacilli. 1. Comparison of Proteus mirabilis strains provided from various sources.

Some properties which may contribute to the pathogenicity of Proteus mirabilis were compared in urinary isolates and in strains provided from soil and from culture collection. Clinical isolates revealed the higher expression of all the features examined in this report: swarming growth, haemagglutination, adherence to human uroepithelial cells, urease activity and haemolytic activity. Noteworthy is the higher mean value of adherence to the uroepithelial cells in clinical strains.

Structural studies on the glucose-heptose region of the Proteus mirabilis R core.

Methylation analysis of the core oligosaccharide of the Proteus mirabilis mutant R4 (derived from serotype 028 was carried out in order to obtain information on the internal (glucose-heptose) region of the P. mirabilis R core. The isolated core oligosaccharide was composed of glucose, L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (dOclA) and phosphorus in a molar ratio of about 1:2:1:1.

Phenol-extracted lipopeptidopoly-saccharide (LPPS) complex from Listeria monocytogenes.

Endotoxin phenol extraction method with subsequent ultracentrifugation and/or chromatographic analysis on Sepharose 2 B column were used to obtain biologically active isolate that turned out to contain polysaccharide, peptide and lipid fractions. The raw phenol extract formed 15% and the LPPS complex, obtained from it by ultracentrifugation, 0.17% of bacterial biomass.

Studies of a receptor for FP3-phage in Salmonella minnesota R595.

The adsorption rate constant of the phage FP3 to sensitive S. minnesota R595 strain was used to evaluate the inactivating capacity towards phage FP3 exhibited by isolated glycolipid and free lipid A. The results suggest that phage FP3 receptor is localized in the glycolipid structure.

Immunochemical studies on free lipid A from Proteus mirabilis 1959.

The chemical composition and serological activity of free lipid A from Proteus were studied. Only two fatty acids: myristic acid and 3-hydroxymyristic acid were detected. When calculated for glucosamine disaccharide unit, 2 moles of ester-linked and 1 mole of amide-linked fatty acid are present.

Serological investigations on ribitol-containing lipopolysaccharides from Proteus mirabilis.

Lipopolysaccharides containing or noncontaining ribitol derived from several Proteus mirabilis strains were studied using passive hemagglutination, hemagglutination-inhibition and semi-quantitative precipitin tests. The results indicate that ribitol plays a role in the serological specificity of the respective lipopolysaccharides.

Ribitol-containing lipopolysaccharides from Proteus mirabilis and their serological relationship.

Ribitol phosphate was recently identified as a constituent of lipopolysaccharides obtained from 'proteus mirabilis strain D52 giving 1:4-anhydroribitol during acid hydrolysis (Gmeiner, 1975). Two other Proteus mirabilis strains belonging to serogroups O16 and O33 were shown previously to contain an unknown compoound X as lipopolysaccharide constituent (Kotelko et al., 1975).

Core region in Proteus mirabilis lipopolysaccharide.

Four R mutants of P. mirabilis were isolated. The composition of their degraded polysaccharides (PS) obtained from the respective lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as well as the composition and properties of the PS-fractions separated by column chromatography were examined.