Gamma-induced interconnected networks in microporous activated carbons from palm petiole under NaNO oxidizing environment towards high-performance electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs).

Activated carbons (ACs) were developed from palm petiole via a new eco-friendly method composed of highly diluted HSO hydrothermal carbonization and low-concentration KOH-activating pyrolysis followed by gamma-induced surface modification under NaNO oxidizing environment. The prepared graphitic carbons were subsequently used as an active material for supercapacitor electrodes. The physiochemical properties of the ACs were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, N adsorption/desorption isotherms with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.

One-electron redox kinetics of aqueous transition metal couples Zn, Co, and Ni using pulse radiolysis.

The one-electron redox potentials for aqueous metal couples Co and Ni have been investigated by using pulse radiolysis using their reactions with a series of reference compounds to establish the most positive upper limits of E. Experiments with Zn were also carried out to confirm the characteristic shape of the expected reduction kinetics. Both formate ions and t-BuOH were employed to scavenge ˙OH radicals and ˙H atoms.

Reactions of Hexa-aquo Transition Metal Ions with the Hydrated Electron up to 300 °C.

Reactions of the hydrated electron with divalent aqueous transition-metal ions, Cd(2+), Zn(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), Co(2+), Fe(2+), and Mn(2+), were studied using a pulse radiolysis technique. The kinetics study was carried out at a constant pressure of 120 bar with temperatures up to 300 °C. The rate constants at room temperature agree with those reported in the literature.

Hydroxymethyl radical self-recombination in high-temperature water.

The self-recombination reaction of (•)CH2OH radicals in neutral aqueous solution has been studied at temperatures up to 300 °C at a pressure of 220 bar using pulse radiolysis and transient absorption. (•)CH2OH species decay by second-order kinetics independent of the applied dose, with a rate constant at 22 °C of 2k = 1.4 ± 0.

Carbonate radical formation in radiolysis of sodium carbonate and bicarbonate solutions up to 250 degrees C and the mechanism of its second order decay.

Pulse radiolysis experiments published several years ago (J. Phys. Chem.