The serotonergic neurons derived from rhombomere 2 are localized in the median raphe and project to the dorsal pallium in zebrafish.

The serotonergic neurons in the raphe nucleus are implicated in various cognitive functions such as learning and emotion. In vertebrates, the raphe nucleus is divided into the dorsal raphe and the median raphe. In contrast to the abundance of knowledge on the functions of the dorsal raphe, the roles of the serotonergic neurons in the median raphe are relatively unknown.

Hypervalent iodine(III)-promoted intermolecular C-C coupling of vindoline with β-ketoesters and related substrates.

The regioselective intermolecular coupling reaction of vindoline with a wide range of substrates including β-ketoesters, β-diketones, β-ketoaldehydes, β-ketonitriles, malononitriles, and β-cyanoesters provides an opportunity for the synthesis of vinblastine analogues containing deep-seated changes in the upper velbanamine subunit. The transition-metal-free hypervalent iodine(III)-promoted intermolecular sp(3)/sp(2) coupling, representing a special class of selective C-H activation with direct carbon-carbon bond formation, proceeds with generation of a quaternary center capable of incorporation of the vinblastine C16' methyl ester and functionalized for subsequent divergent heterocycle introduction.