Impact of skeletal muscle mass of the trunk and extremities on standing spine parameters before and after surgery for adult spinal deformity with a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Purpose: The effect of skeletal muscle mass of the trunk and extremities on sagittal imbalance of the spine before and after surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD) has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between reduced skeletal muscle mass of the trunk and extremities, as well as spinopelvic parameters, preoperatively, postoperatively and at least 2 years after surgery for ASD.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 140 consecutive patients who had undergone surgery for ASD and were followed-up for at least 2 years and whose skeletal muscle mass could be measured preoperatively using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Effect of shear flow on the transverse thermal conductivity of polymer melts.

The effect of shear flows on the thermal conductivity of polymer melts is investigated using a reversed nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics (RNEMD) method. We extended the original RNEMD method to simultaneously produce spatial gradients of temperature and flow velocity in a single direction. This method enables accurate measurement of the thermal conductivity in the direction transverse to shear flow.

Incidence of Cervical Kyphosis and Factors Associated with Improvement in Postoperative Cervical Spinal Alignment in Idiopathic Scoliosis with Major Thoracolumbar/Lumbar and Thoracic Curves.

This study aimed to compare the incidence and severity of cervical kyphosis before and after surgery between patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with major thoracolumbar/lumbar curves (Lenke type 5C group) and those with major thoracic curves (Lenke type 1A group). Further, factors associated with cervical spinal alignment changes after surgery in the two groups were examined. This study included consecutive patients with AIS who underwent posterior spinal fusion for Lenke type 1A and 5C curves and who were followed up for at least 1 year.

Performance evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test kit in detecting bovine mastitis-causing streptococci.

Mastitis causes significant economic losses to the dairy industry due to decreased milk production in infected cows. Identification of mastitis-causing pathogens, such as streptococci, is necessary for selecting an effective antibiotic for treating mastitis. Although bacterial cultivation is widely used for pathogen identification, it requires more than 24 hr to complete.

Impact of Skeletal Muscle Mass on Physical Function and Locomotive Syndrome of Pre- and Postoperative Adult Spinal Deformity.

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between locomotive syndrome (LS) status, physical performance and limb and trunk skeletal muscle mass before and after surgery in adult spinal surgery (ASD) patients. A retrospective observational investigation of 63 consecutive patients with ASD who underwent spinal surgery was conducted. The total skeletal muscle mass of the arms and legs was considered a measure of the total appendicular skeletal muscle mass measured with whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

The Utility and Appropriateness of Single-Position Circumferential Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using O-Arm-Based Navigation in the Novel Oblique Position.

Purpose: Single-position surgery with patients in a lateral position, which involves inserting percutaneous pedicular screws (PPS) and lateral interbody fusion (LIF) to avoid changing the position, has been reported. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the utility and appropriateness of single-position LIF-PPS using O-arm-based navigation in the innovative oblique position.

Methods: This study involved a retrospective analysis of 92 consecutive patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis who underwent LIF-PPS using O-arm-based navigation.

Laparoscopic-assisted treatment for diospyrobezoar-induced intestinal obstruction after distal gastrectomy and cholecystectomy.

Diospyrobezoar is a relatively uncommon cause of small bowel obstruction. Here we report successful treatment in a patient with small bowel obstruction due to diospyrobezoar by laparoscopic-assisted surgery. A 93-year-old woman who had undergone distal gastrectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy presented with nausea and anorexia.

Upper Extremity Skeletal Muscle Mass Asymmetry Exacerbated by Shoulder Imbalance in Lenke1A Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Limb muscle strength asymmetry affects many physical abilities. The present study (1) quantified limb muscle asymmetry in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS); (2) compared AIS patients with major thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) or major thoracic (MT) curves; (3) examined correlations between limb muscle asymmetry and radiographic parameters. Patients with AIS with major TL/L curves (Lenke type 5C) and MT curves (Lenke Type 1A) who underwent posterior spinal fusion at our university hospitals were included.

Surgical Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Direct Lateral Corpectomy with Percutaneous Pedicle Screws for Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Vertebral Collapse with Neurologic Deficits in the Thoracolumbar Spine Compared with Those After Posterior Spinal Fusion with Vertebroplasty.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study of a cohort of consecutive patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare surgical invasion, mechanical complications, and clinical and radiological outcomes 2 years after surgery between minimally invasive corpectomy following percutaneous pedicle screw placements (X-core/PPS) and posterior fixation with vertebroplasty (VP) for treating osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs), which failed conservative treatment due to neurological deficits.

Summary Of Background Data: Numerous studies have proposed surgical procedures to treat OVFs that fail conservative treatment.

Factors Affecting Pedicle Screw Insertional Torque in Spine Deformity Surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study of consecutive patients.

Objective: We sought to: (1) clarify the key factors predominantly associated with the insertional torque of pedicle screws; (2) compare the optimal factors for pedicle screw insertion to obtain rigid screw fixation in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) and in those with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS); (3) determine the optimal screw/pedicle ratio (S/P) to obtain rigid pedicle screw fixation.

Summary Of Background Data: Rigid pedicle screw fixation is mandatory to perform corrections for spinal deformities properly and to allow successful fusion after surgery.

Erratum for Risk Factors and Assessment Using an Endoscopic Scoring System for Postoperative Respiratory Complications after Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion Surgery.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.22603/ssrr.2020-0104.

Posterior occipitocervical instrumented fusion for atlantoaxial instability in a 27-month-old child with Down syndrome: illustrative case.

Background: Upper cervical spine instability is one of the most serious orthopedic problems in patients with Down syndrome. Despite the recent advancement of instrumentation techniques, occipitocervical fusion remains technically challenging in the very young pediatric population with small and fragile osseous elements.

Observations: A 27-month-old boy with Down syndrome was urgently transported to the authors' hospital because of difficulty in standing and sitting, weakness in the upper limbs, and respiratory distress.

Risk Factors and Assessment Using an Endoscopic Scoring System for Postoperative Respiratory Complications after Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion Surgery.

Introduction: Postoperative respiratory complications (PRC) are one of the most serious complications. Potentially life-threatening accidents can occur after an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ADF), such as airway obstruction and aspiration pneumonia. Despite numerous studies, preoperative predictive and preventive methodology has yet to be established.

Prevalence and Key Radiographic Spinal Malalignment Parameters Associated with the Risk of Pulmonary Function Impairment in Patients Treated Surgically to Correct Adult Spinal Deformity.

Introduction: There is a significant relationship between pulmonary function and degree of spinal deformity, location of apical vertebrae, and coronal imbalance in patients with childhood spinal deformity. By contrast, the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and influence of deformity on respiratory dysfunction in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) remain largely unknown. We sought to clarify and compare the prevalence of pulmonary function impairment in patients with ASD with that in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), to determine radiographically which spinal malalignment parameters are associated with a risk of respiratory dysfunction, and to determine the association of respiratory dysfunction with corrective surgery.

Utility of a Computer-assisted Rod Bending System to Avoid Pull-out and Loosening of Percutaneous Pedicle Screws.

Study Design: This was a retrospective observational study of a cohort of consecutive patients.

Objective: To compare the influence of (1) manual and (2) computer-assisted (CA) rod bending techniques on pedicle screw pull-out resulting in loosening during rod reduction and final tightening.

Summary Of Background Data: Our recent study showed screw pull-out during rod reduction might be a risk factor for loosening of percutaneous pedicle screws (PPSs) postoperatively, resulting in worse postoperative back pain.

Key Radiographic Parameters That Influence the Improvement of Postoperative Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients Treated Surgically for Adult Spinal Deformity With a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study.

Objective: The study objectives were to: (1) determine radiographically which spinal malalignment parameters predominantly influence the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); (2) evaluate the outcome of GERD 2 years after surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD); and (3) clarify key factors that influence the improvement of postoperative GERD in ASD.

Summary Of Background Data: Spinal deformity is reported to be involved in the pathology of GERD.

Predictors and Clinical Importance of Postoperative Coronal Malalignment After Surgery to Correct Adult Spinal Deformity.

Study Design: A retrospective observational study of a cohort of consecutive patients.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the correlations between clinical outcomes of spinal surgery to correct adult spinal deformity (ASD) including mechanical complications and coronal malalignment and clarify the risk factors for postoperative coronal malalignment.

Summary Of Background Data: Despite the coronal malalignment seen regularly in adult patients who have undergone spinal surgery to correct spinal deformity, the associations between coronal malalignment, and clinical outcomes including mechanical complications after the surgery have remained unclear until now.

Injury to infrapatellar branch of saphenous nerve in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using vertical skin incision for hamstring harvesting: risk factors and the influence of treatment outcome.

Background: Injury to the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve (IPBSN) is a high-frequency complication in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. We analyzed the risk factor of IPBSN injury in ACL reconstruction. Moreover, we investigated the influence on treatment outcome by this complication.