Treatment Effectiveness and Recurrence of Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Following Surgical Operations: A 15-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: At present, there is no golden standard for treatment of extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and recurrence remains a major challenge with limited available evidence on the associated factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment options, in terms of size reduction, symptoms, and early recurrence in patients treated surgically for AVMs.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate patients with AVMs following surgical treatment in 2 centers from 2005 to 2020.

Anatomical external auricular muscle transposition with mini flap transfer for mild cryptotia: A case report.

Cryptotia is a congenital ear deformity characterized by the upper helix buried under the skin of the temporal region. Recurrence and inadequate correction of ear position are major complications following auricle reconstruction. Abnormalities of the auricular muscles are closely associated with cryptotia and considered to be the main cause.