Determinants of Maximal Dorsiflexion Range of Motion: Multi-Perspective Comparison Using Mechanical, Neural, Morphological, and Muscle Quality Factors.

: the purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of mechanical, neural, morphological, and muscle quality factors on individual differences in the maximal ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM). : A sample of 41 university students performed passive-dorsiflexion and morphological measurements. In the passive-dorsiflexion measurement, while the ankle was passively dorsiflexed, maximal dorsiflexion ROM was measured in addition to passive torque at a given angle and muscle-tendon junction (MTJ) displacement during the last 13° as mechanical factors, and stretch tolerance and muscle activation were measured as neural factors.

Comparison of the effects of three different resistance training methods on muscle fatigue in healthy untrained men.

Introduction: Traditional set (TS), paired-set (PS), and super-set (SS) are used as resistance training methods. However, the effects of these methods on muscle fatigue (muscle strength and training volume) are not clear. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of TS, PS, and SS on the muscle fatigue of the hamstrings and quadriceps.

Combined Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on the Muscle-Tendon Unit Stiffness and Strength of the Hamstrings.

Takeuchi, K, Nakamura, M, Matsuo, S, Samukawa, M, Yamaguchi, T, and Mizuno, T. Combined effects of static and dynamic stretching on the muscle-tendon unit stiffness and strength of the hamstrings. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 681-686, 2024-Combined static and dynamic stretching for 30 seconds is frequently used as a part of a warm-up program.

Acute and Long-Term Effects of Static Stretching on Muscle-Tendon Unit Stiffness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Static stretching can increase the range of motion of a joint. Muscle-tendon unit stiffness (MTS) is potentially one of the main factors that influences the change in the range of motion after static stretching. However, to date, the effects of acute and long-term static stretching on MTS are not well understood.

Long-term static stretching can decrease muscle stiffness: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Stretch training increases the range of motion of a joint. However, to date, the mechanisms behind such a stretching effect are not well understood. An earlier meta-analysis on several studies reported no changes in the passive properties of a muscle (i.

Predicting Potent Compounds Using a Conditional Variational Autoencoder Based upon a New Structure-Potency Fingerprint.

Prediction of the potency of bioactive compounds generally relies on linear or nonlinear quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. Nonlinear models are generated using machine learning methods. We introduce a novel approach for potency prediction that depends on a newly designed molecular fingerprint (FP) representation.

Discovery of a Novel ATP-Competitive MEK Inhibitor DS03090629 that Overcomes Resistance Conferred by BRAF Overexpression in BRAF-Mutated Melanoma.

Patients with melanoma with activating BRAF mutations (BRAF V600E/K) initially respond to combination therapy of BRAF and MEK inhibitors. However, their clinical efficacy is limited by acquired resistance, in some cases driven by amplification of the mutant BRAF gene and subsequent reactivation of the MAPK pathway. DS03090629 is a novel and orally available MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK in an ATP-competitive manner.

Acute Effects of Different Intensity and Duration of Static Stretching on the Muscle-Tendon Unit Stiffness of the Hamstrings.

The effects of static stretching are influenced by prescribed and applied loads of stretching. The prescribed load is calculated from the stretching duration and intensity, whereas the applied load is assessed from the force of static stretching exerted on the targeted muscle. No previous study has investigated the prescribed and applied loads of static stretching on the muscle-tendon unit stiffness simultaneously.

Effects of Speed and Amplitude of Dynamic Stretching on the Flexibility and Strength of the Hamstrings.

Dynamic stretching for more than 90 seconds is useful for improving muscle strength, although dynamic stretching for 30 seconds or less is commonly used in sports settings. The effects of dynamic stretching are influenced by the speed and amplitude of stretching, but no study examined these factors for 30 seconds of dynamic stretching. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of speed (fast- or slow-speed) and amplitude (normal- or wide amplitude) of dynamic stretching for 30 seconds on the strength (peak torque during maximum isokinetic concentric contraction) and flexibility (range of motion, passive torque at maximum knee extension angle, and muscle-tendon unit stiffness) of the hamstrings.

Effects of stretching intensity on range of motion and muscle stiffness: A narrative review.

Background: No review has yet investigated acute and chronic effects of different stretching intensities, including constant-angle (CA) and constant-torque (CT) stretching.

Objective: This review aimed to investigate the acute and chronic effects of different stretching intensities on the range of motion (ROM) and passive properties.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used for literature search.

Comparison of The Effect of High- and Low-Frequency Vibration Foam Rolling on The Quadriceps Muscle.

Vibration foam rolling (VFR) intervention has recently gained attention in sports and rehabilitation settings since the superimposed vibration with foam rolling can affect several physiological systems. However, the sustained effect and a comparison of the effects of different VFR vibration frequencies on flexibility and muscle strength have not been examined. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the acute and sustained effects of three 60-s sets of VFR with different frequencies on knee flexion range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength of the knee extensors.

The Time-Course Changes in Knee Flexion Range of Motion, Muscle Strength, and Rate of Force Development After Static Stretching.

Previous studies have shown that longer-duration static stretching (SS) interventions can cause a decrease in muscle strength, especially explosive muscle strength. Furthermore, force steadiness is an important aspect of muscle force control, which should also be considered. However, the time course of the changes in these variables after an SS intervention remains unclear.

Introducing a Chemically Intuitive Core-Substituent Fingerprint Designed to Explore Structural Requirements for Effective Similarity Searching and Machine Learning.

Fingerprint (FP) representations of chemical structure continue to be one of the most widely used types of molecular descriptors in chemoinformatics and computational medicinal chemistry. One often distinguishes between two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) FPs depending on whether they are derived from molecular graphs or conformations, respectively. Primary application areas for FPs include similarity searching and compound classification via machine learning, especially for hit identification.

Cross-education effect of 4-week high- or low-intensity static stretching intervention programs on passive properties of plantar flexors.

This study aimed to compare the cross-education effect of unilateral stretching intervention programs with two different intensities (high- vs. low-intensity) on dorsiflexion range of motion (DF ROM), muscle stiffness, and muscle architecture following a 4-week stretching intervention. Twenty-eight healthy males were randomly allocated into two groups: a high-intensity static stretching (HI-SS) intervention group (n = 14; stretch intensity 6-7 out of 10) and a low-intensity static stretching (LI-SS) intervention group (n = 14; stretch intensity 0-1 out of 10).

Comparison Between High- and Low-Intensity Static Stretching Training Program on Active and Passive Properties of Plantar Flexors.

The purpose of this study was to compare two static stretching (SS) training programs at high-intensity (HI-SS) and low-intensity (LI-SS) on passive and active properties of the plantar flexor muscles. Forty healthy young men were randomly allocated into three groups: HI-SS intervention group ( = 14), LI-SS intervention group ( = 13), and non-intervention control group ( = 13). An 11-point numerical scale (0-10; none to very painful stretching) was used to determine SS intensity.

Association between static stretching load and changes in the flexibility of the hamstrings.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between static stretching load and changes in the flexibility of the hamstrings. Twelve healthy men received static stretching for 60 s at two different intensities based on the point of discomfort (100%POD and 120%POD intensity), in random order. To assess the flexibility of the hamstrings, the knee extension range of motion (ROM).

Searchable database of frequent R-groups in medicinal chemistry and their preferred replacements.

In compound optimization, analogue series (ASs) are generated by introducing different R-groups (substituents, functional groups) at specific substitution sites. Systematic investigations of R-groups in medicinal chemistry have so far been rare. We have carried out a large-scale computational analysis of R-groups on the basis of ASs covering currently available bioactive compounds (Takeuchi et al.

Time course of changes in the range of motion and muscle-tendon unit stiffness of the hamstrings after two different intensities of static stretching.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the time course of changes in the range of motion and muscle-tendon unit stiffness of the hamstrings after two different intensities of static stretching.

Methods: Fourteen healthy men (20.9 ± 0.

Systematic mapping of R-group space enables the generation of an R-group replacement system for medicinal chemistry.

Selection of R-groups (substituents, functional groups) is of critical importance for the generation of analogues during hit-to-lead and lead optimization. In the practice of medicinal chemistry, R-group selection is mostly driven by chemical experience and intuition taking synthetic criteria into account. However, systematic analyses of substituents are currently rare.

R-group replacement database for medicinal chemistry.

Aim: Generation of an R-group replacement system for compound optimization in medicinal chemistry.

Materials & Methods: From bioactive compounds, analogue series (ASs) were systematically extracted and from these ASs, all R-groups were isolated and further analyzed.

Exemplary Results & Data: From more than 17,000 ASs, more than 50,000 unique R-groups were isolated.

High-Intensity Static Stretching in Quadriceps Is Affected More by Its Intensity Than Its Duration.

A previous study reported that 3-min of high-intensity static stretching at an intensity of 120% of range of motion (ROM) did not change the muscle stiffness of the rectus femoris, because of the overly high stress of the stretching. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity static stretching of a shorter duration or lower intensity on the flexibility of the rectus femoris than that of the previous study. Two experiments were conducted (Experiment 1 and 2).

The acute effects of high-intensity jack-knife stretching on the flexibility of the hamstrings.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effects of high-intensity jack-knife stretching for 60 s on flexibility of the hamstrings. Twelve healthy participants underwent jack-knife stretching for 60 s (3 repetitions of 20 s stretching with 30 s intervals) at two different intensities based on the point of discomfort (POD and PODmax). To examine any change in flexibility, knee extension range of motion (ROM), passive torque at end ROM, and muscle-tendon unit stiffness were measured before and after stretching.