[A Surgical Case of Chiari Malformation Type I in Elderly Patient].

Chiari malformation type I (CM-1) is a disease in which part of the cerebellum and brainstem invades into the spinal canal beyond the foramen magnum. Patients with CM-1 can present with various symptoms; however, most cases of CM-1 are asymptomatic. Symptomatic cases are distributed bimodally in children and middle-aged adults, but occur very rarely in elderly individuals.

Large Plaque-type Blue Nevus with GNAQ Q209P Mutation, Involving Mammary Gland Tissue: Under-Recognized Mammary Condition as an Origin of Primary Mammary Melanocytic Tumors.

Plaque-type blue nevus is a rare variant of blue nevi that was first described in 1954. This article presents clinical, macroscopic, histopathological, and genetic findings for a case of large plaque-type blue nevus expanding into the mammary gland tissue as well as the skin of the right breast. A 63-year-old woman presented with a congenital, large, blue-colored macule limited to the hypochondriac area of the right breast.

Severe leaching of calcium ions from fir needles caused by acid fog.

We have measured the components of the throughfall under fir trees (Abies firma) in the field around Mt. Oyama, where the forest appears to be declining, for the period 1994-1998. Exposure experiments of a simulated acid fog to fir twigs were performed under field conditions.