Publications by authors named "Kosuke Koyano"

Bohring-Opitz syndrome (BOS) is a rare disease with a characteristic facial appearance and limb position. This report describes a case of BOS complicated by persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and formation of abnormal alveoli that was confirmed by autopsy. A female neonate was born by cesarean section at 37 weeks and 2 days of gestation and found to have a nevus flammeus, exophthalmos, abnormal palate, retraction of the mandible, and a posture characteristic of BOS.

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The body temperature of infants at equilibrium with their surroundings is balanced between heat production from metabolism and the transfer of heat to the environment. Total heat production is related to body size, which is closely related to metabolic rate and oxygen consumption. Body temperature control is a crucial aspect of neonatal medicine but we have often struggled with temperature measures.

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  • Accurate blood glucose measurement in infants, especially newborns, is crucial but existing adult testing devices may not work well for them.
  • Two studies were conducted: Study 1 found significant discrepancies using an initial glucose analyser (MINT1), leading to modifications for Study 2 (MINT2).
  • The modified device (MINT2) successfully provided accurate glucose measurements in early neonates, indicating improvements in point-of-care testing for this population.
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Early child maltreatment, such as child abuse and neglect, is well known to affect the development of social skills. However, the mechanisms by which such an adverse environment interrupts the development of social skills remain unelucidated. Identifying the period and brain regions that are susceptible to adverse environments can lead to appropriate developmental care later in life.

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  • A study investigated the effects of hydrogen (H) gas combined with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on neurological outcomes in piglets after a hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult.
  • *The research found that piglets receiving TH+H had a lower occurrence and duration of seizures compared to those receiving TH alone, suggesting that the combination therapy is beneficial.
  • *Overall, the findings indicate that adding hydrogen gas to therapeutic hypothermia may help reduce seizure burden and improve brain function after severe oxygen deprivation in newborns.
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  • * A study examined changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[oxy-Hb]) in full-term infants up to 10 months old using tactile vibration stimuli and whole-head functional near-infrared spectroscopy.
  • * The results indicated that while the timing of Δ[oxy-Hb] was consistent across ages, the amplitude varied significantly, particularly showing a decrease in 1-2-month-olds before increasing as they developed, suggesting changes in neural activity and blood flow.
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  • The study investigates how visual-cognitive and attentional functions develop in infants aged 3 to 36 months to aid early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders like ASD and ADHD.
  • A cross-sectional study included 104 infants across various ages, analyzing their responses to gaze-tracking tasks to assess attention shifts and preferences in visual perception.
  • Results indicate that younger infants (3 months) have less responsiveness in visual tasks compared to older infants, highlighting the potential of these tasks for evaluating cognitive development in early childhood.
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  • * Past research indicated that hydrogen gas (H) could potentially improve outcomes by reducing cell death associated with HIE.
  • * In this study using piglets, while hydrogen inhalation suggested a reduction in cerebral vascular leakage compared to other treatments, the results were not statistically significant, indicating a need for further research on H gas's effect on vascular leakage in neonatal HIE.
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  • Therapeutic drug monitoring for caffeine in treating apnea of prematurity in preterm infants is generally considered unnecessary, but some studies show cases of toxicity.
  • A study in Japan evaluated the relationship between caffeine maintenance doses and serum levels, involving 24 preterm infants and 272 caffeine samples.
  • Results showed that at doses of 8 mg/kg/day or higher, 15% of patients experienced serum caffeine levels above toxic thresholds, indicating a need for further research on the long-term effects of high caffeine levels.
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  • Human fetal and neonatal bilirubin metabolism is primarily reliant on bilirubin IXα (BR), as the liver has a limited ability to conjugate BR, making it a significant substance for the body with both beneficial and harmful effects.
  • In the fetus, BR is transferred to the mother via the placenta, while after birth, it serves as an antioxidant to combat oxidative stress from the sudden exposure to oxygen.
  • Human serum albumin (HSA) is crucial for transporting BR in the bloodstream and helps protect against bilirubin toxicity, particularly bilirubin encephalopathy.
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  • * The root cause of asphyxia involves inflammation from a lack of oxygen and blood flow, resulting in the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediators that can harm cells.
  • * Current treatments focus on combining hypothermia with medications like erythropoietin and melatonin, which have both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, to potentially improve outcomes for affected neonates.
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  • - The study investigates how exposing blood serum samples from neonates to ambient white light (WLED) influences the production of structural photoisomers of bilirubin (BSI) and their impact on direct bilirubin (DB) values.
  • - Two experiments were conducted: the first focused on measuring the BSI production rates with varying light exposure times, while the second quantitatively evaluated the effect of BSI on DB values using two different irradiation durations.
  • - Results indicated that under WLED light, serum samples produced 1.3 mg/dL of BSI in one hour, with around 34% of this amount contributing to the DB measurement according to a derived relational equation.
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We previously reported the neuroprotective potential of combined hydrogen (H) gas ventilation therapy and therapeutic hypothermia (TH) by assessing the short-term neurological outcomes and histological findings of 5-day neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy piglets. However, the effects of H gas on cerebral circulation and oxygen metabolism and on prognosis were unknown. Here, we used near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy to compare combined H gas ventilation and TH with TH alone.

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Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a significant health problem in Myanmar. We introduced transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measurements in 2017 and developed an hour-specific TcB nomogram for early detection and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in Myanmar neonates. This study aimed to evaluate whether our screening method for hyperbilirubinemia decreased the requirement of blood exchange therapy (ET).

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Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury of neonates remains a significant problem worldwide. During the resuscitation period, changes in cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (ScO) have been identified by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). However, in asphyxiated neonates, the relationship between these changes and brain injury is not known.

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Cerebral haemodynamics during the immediate transition period in neonates may differ depending on whether delivery is vaginal or by caesarean section. However, these differences have never been confirmed by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral haemoglobin oxygen saturation (ScO) between healthy term neonates by mode of delivery.

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Colostrum, the first form of human milk, is strongly encouraged for infants due to its benefits. During the early postpartum (PP) period, the secreted colostrum volume can be minimal, causing concerns among mothers about sufficient milk supply. Few studies have examined temporal changes in the colostrum.

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Background: The effects of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on renal function are not widely reported, especially in longer term animal models. The hypothesis of this study was that TH of the kidneys of hypoxic-ischemic newborn piglets would reduce pathological renal fibrosis.

Methods: Twenty-five newborn piglets obtained within 24 h of birth were classified into a control group (n = 5), an hypoxic insult with normothermia (HI-NT) group (n = 12), and an hypoxic insult with TH (HI-TH) group (33.

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Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a notable cause of neonatal death and developmental disabilities. To achieve better outcomes, it is important in treatment strategy selection to categorize the degree of hypoxia ischemia and evaluate dose response. In an asphyxia piglet model with histopathological brain injuries that we previously developed, animals survived 5 days after insult and showed changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) that reflected the severity of injuries.

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Background: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a standard therapy for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. One potential additional therapy is the free radical scavenger edaravone (EV; 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one).

Objectives And Methods: This study aimed to compare the neuroprotective effects of edaravone plus therapeutic hypothermia (TH + EV) with those of TH alone after a hypoxic-ischaemic insult in the newborn piglet.

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Background: Progress in neonatal medicine has dramatically improved the survival rate of preterm births, but the evidence suggests that these low-birth weight infants (LBWIs) go on to develop pervasive development disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at greater rates than the general population. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders are known to suffer from deficits in visual cognition, such as in face perception and attentional functions, the characteristics of which already manifest in early infancy.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate visual cognition in LBWIs during infancy.

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Despite its poor outcomes, therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the current standard treatment for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). In this study, due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties, the effectiveness of molecular hydrogen (H) combined with TH was evaluated by means of neurological and histological assessments. Piglets were divided into three groups: hypoxic-ischaemic insult with normothermia (NT), insult with hypothermia (TH, 33.

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Objective To assess the usefulness of the antenatal fetal neurodevelopmental test for the prediction of postnatal developmental disabilities. Methods Fetal behavior was assessed with Kurjak's antenatal neurodevelopmental test (KANET) using four-dimensional ultrasound between 28 and 38 weeks of gestation. A score range of 0-5 was characterized as abnormal, from 6 to 9 was considered borderline, and 10-16 was normal.

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