The Predominance of among Carbapenem-Resistant Infections in Japan.

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is an important public health issue worldwide, not only due to the potential of these pathogens for widespread dissemination, but also due to the limited antimicrobial therapy options, and the elevated mortality rates associated with these infections. As with other multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), active surveillance via timely testing, early diagnosis, and contact isolation is an important strategy to control the occurrence and spread of CRE bacteria. Here we summarize the epidemiology of CRE infections in Japan from 2015 to 2019.

The Impact of NLRP3 Activation on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is an intracellular protein that after recognizing a broad spectrum of stressors, such as microbial motifs and endogenous danger signals, promotes the activation and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, thus playing an essential role in the innate immune response. Several blood cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), express NLRP3, where it has been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. For example, NLRP3 participates in the development and expansion of HSPCs, and their release from bone marrow into the peripheral blood has been implicated in certain hematological disorders including various types of leukemia.