Achievements and Challenges in Breastfeeding During Two Years of War in Ukraine.

This article informs about the state of breastfeeding in Ukraine after more than 2 years of war. The article presents important information on breastfeeding data, the widespread implementation of the baby-friendly hospital initiative, human milk banks working in difficult situations, the first overestimation of breast milk substitute needs, the International Code, and the presence of donations reaching an overburdened health system. It covers the training of health care professionals as well as counseling in wartime.

On the additional risk for human health in the use of sandblasting of building walls.

In 2021, concentrations of heavy metals (Ba, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ru, Sr, Zn, Zr) and radiocesium (Cs) were measured in 13 locations in Vilnius in surface samples of walls and facades of buildings built of yellow bricks in order to evaluate possible aerosol air pollution due to sandblasting. The activity concentrations of Cs appeared there as a result of global fallout and precipitation of the products of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, and the concentration of Pb, as a component of road transport emissions. Other trace elements turned out to be impurities in the material of yellow bricks.

PREVENTIVE EXAMINATIONS OF CHILDREN IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES.

Objective: The aim: The aim of this study was to compare, analize and establish differences the recommendations for well-child visits and screenings till the age of 5 years in different countries .

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The comparative analysis of the data from governmental recommendations for pediatricians from Germany, Ukraine and Poland is conducted. It was used the guideline for medical care for a child under 3 years (The Order №149) and for a healthy child from 4 to 18 years (The Order №434) in Ukraine, the book «Kinderuntersuchungsheft» in Germany and child's examination book «Książeczka zdrowia dziecka» in Poland.

[Glycoprotein sialylation and NEU1 and ST6GAL1 expressions in erythremia].

We studied the levels of lymphocyte surface-associated sialylglycans and the expression of neuraminidase NEU1 and sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 genes in lymphocytes in erythremia patients and healthy donors as well as the levels of sialic acids in plasma and sialylation of alpha-acid glycoprotein and fibronectin. Moreover, we also investigated the type of sialic acids binding with its glycans using sialospecific lectins MAA and SNA. fibronectin protein in lymphocytes and its cell surface in erythremia disease as compared to healthy donors.

[Alteration of calcium signaling as one of the mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and diabetic polyneuropathy].

This review is devoted to the action of amyloid-beta peptide on the functional activity of intracellular and plasmalemmal calcium-regulated structures in cultured hyppocampal neurons: mitochondria and voltage-gated calcium channels. A comparative analysis of relative changes of plasmalemmal structures in such neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's illness and diabetic neuropathy has been made.

[Effect of beta-amyloid protein on calcium channels in plasma membranes of cultured hippocampal neurons].

Anomalous accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide in cerebral neurons plays central role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). One of the essential pathogenetic factors at AD is disturbance of calcium homeostasis in neurons of central nervous system. It was determined in this work that 24-hour incubation of hippocampal cell culture with beta-amyloid peptide caused more than twofold elevation of basal calcium concentration relatively to control value (153.

[Pathological changes of potential-activated calcium channels in sensory neurons].

The review considers the structure and function of high-and low-voltage potential activated calcium channels in sensory neurons. A special attention is paid to compression of the function of these channels in normal conditions and during development of pathological conditions. The role of low-voltage activated T-type calcium channels during such forms of pathology as neuropathy, acidosis and alkalosis because the changes in synaptic transmission occurring during these forms of pathological changes are most intensively altered during changes in functional structures of these type of channels.

Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma of the mitral chorda.

We describe a case of cardiac papillary fibroelastoma in a 33-year-old man. The diagnosis was established by echocardiography. Computerised tomographic angiography gave no evidence of coronary stenosis, but illustrated a radiopaque filling defect in the left ventricle.

[Intracellular determinants of calcium signaling].

The review describes the mechanisms of function and regulation of store-operated (so called SOC) channels and their connections with different intracellular calcium regulating structures. The function of both ryanodine sensitive and inisitol-1,3-phosphate sensitive endoplasmic reticulum are presented. The mechanisms of their connections with mitochondria and potential-activated channels are shown.

[Dynamic interaction between plasma membrane structures and intracellular calcium stores in neurons of the spinal cord ganglia].

We studied the dynamic contribution of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria to depolarization-induced Ca2+ transients in small (18-24 microm) DRG neurons of rats. We have used the application of 10 microM of mitochondrial protonophore CCCP for switching off the calcium uptake by mitochondrial uniporter. For depletion of the store of endoplasmic reticulum we applied 1 microM of thapsigargin.

[Sensitivity to tonic pain and analgin in two lines of mice with knockout genotype].

A comparative study of behavioral reactions (licking of back paw, sleeping, eating, running, washing) in mice with a genetic knockout (lines C57BL/6L and CBA/CaLac) and in control animals was carried out. Experiments have been performed in control conditions (without any influences), after a subcutaneous injection of 5% formalin solution, and also in a case when animals before an injection of formalin received analgin. It was established that the behavior of mice with a genetic knockout without any influences statistically authentically differs from mice without genotype infringements.

[Effect of synaptic transmission blockade and hypoglycemia on neuron impulse activity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons].

Spontaneous neuronal activity was studied in rat hippocampal cell cultures using patch clamp technique in cell-attached or loose-patch configuration. It was found that in spite of relatively low average frequency (1-2 Hz) of neuronal activity in the cell cultures, neurons often fire doublets or triplets of action potentials with interspike interval of 60 ms and less. Interspike interval histograms were substantially better fitted by double exponential decay functions than by single exponential ones.

[Changes in intracellular mechanisms in sensory neurons in experimental diabetes mellitus].

Here we summarises the results of experimental investigation of changes in intracellular calcium homeostasis in sensory neurones of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Decrease in the calcium-accumulating function of both inositol-trisphosphate- as well as caffeine-sensitive endoplasmic reticulum has been detected both in primary sensory neurones of dorsal root ganglia and in secondary neurones of the spinal cord dorsal horn. Predominant depression in the functioning of metabotropic receptors of ligand-gated channels compared with those of ionotropic ones has been demonstrated.

[Irradiation as a test-factor revealing dark DNA repair capacity of seeds].

Dark repair of DNA was studied in embryos excised from the advanced sugar beet seeds. Significant increase (from 19 to 321%) in the level of dark DNA repair has been established for all studied conditions of the advanced treatment. Acute -irradiation has been used to investigate the ability of advanced seeds to repair additional DNA damages caused by a standard irradiation dose.

[Changes in calcium signaling in mammalian nociceptive neurons in diabetes mellitus].

The changes in neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis were studied on dorsal horn neurons from spinal cord rat slices and freshly isolated dorsal root ganglion neurons of mice in control condition and under streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured using fura-2 and indo-1 based microfluorimetry. The recovery of depolarization-induced [Ca2+]i increase was delayed in diabetic neurons compared with normal animals.

[The postnatal adaptation of infants born to women with cytomegalovirus persistence].

As many as 120 neonates and their mothers presenting with persistency of cytomegaly virus were studied for impact of maternal specific antibodies to cytomegaly virus on rhe pattern of clinical adaptation in children. 90% of children born of infected mothers display neurologic disturbances, 71.4% have jaundice accompanied by hyperbilirubinemia, 4.

[The current concepts of the influence of lactobacilli on the immune system of the human body].

The review summarizes experimental and clinical data about the influence of Lactobacillus on the immune system. A conclusion is made that the effect of Lactobacillus is a multifactor process. After entering the intestinal tract live microorganisms or biologically active substances produced by them may activate specific and nonspecific systems of microorganism protection.

[Protective effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on development of infection, caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae].

The mechanisms of protective action of Lactobacillus have been studied during development of the generalized infection induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae in CBA mice after weaning. The mice were infected intragastrically during the first day after weaning (1 x 10(9) bacterias per mice). Suspensions of Lactobacillus were introduced before and after infection during 10 days (1 x 10(6) bacterias per mice).

[Effect of Klebsiella Pneumoniae bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract on the immune processes in mice after weaning].

The influence of intestinal colonization by the Klebsiella pneumonia strain 50/59 on the characteristics of local and humoral immunity has been studied on CBA mice after weaning. Bacteria have been introduced intragastrally in doses of 1 x 10(6) bacteria per mice. Observations have been performed in dynamics during 11 days.

[Current aspects of the mechanism of action of calcium antagonists in patients with diabetes mellitus].

The review summarizes recent data about the use of calcium channel blockers for the treatment of cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is shown that disturbances of Ca ion homeostasis play an important role in the pathogenesis of such diabetic complications as cardiomyopathy, microangiopathy, hypertension and the use of modern calcium channel antagonists for their treatment seems to be quite justified. However, despite definite positive effects of such treatment, these drugs should be used with care, especially if combined with derivatives of sulphonylurea as activators of the beta-cell function.