Angelman syndrome in Poland: current diagnosis and therapy status-the caregiver perspective: a questionnaire study.

Background: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease caused by imprinting disorders that impede the production of the ubiquitin E3A ligase protein (UBE3A). AS affects multiple systems, with the main symptoms including epilepsy, psychomotor disorders and speech development disorders. To date, no study has been conducted in the Polish population to verify the condition's diagnosis and treatment process.

Shower dehumidification to reduce nontuberculous mycobacteria aerosolization.

Objective: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmentally acquired opportunistic pathogens that can cause recalcitrant lung disease. Prior reports have demonstrated links between shower use and infections, yet the aerosolization of NTM from showerheads, as well as the humidity levels that may modulate NTM aerosolization from showerheads is less studied. The objective of the current study was to investigate the role of humidity in NTM aerosolization among showers in homes located in a geographic area with high lung disease incidence, Hawai'i, and test whether deployment of a dehumidifier in well-ventilated bathrooms reduce NTM exposure.

Effect of Anisotropy of Reduced Graphene Oxide on Thermal and Electrical Properties in Silicon Carbide Matrix Composites.

Reduced graphene oxide, due to its structure, exhibits anisotropic properties, which are particularly evident in electrical and thermal conductivity. This study focuses on examining the influence of reduced graphene oxide in silicon carbide on these properties in directions perpendicular and parallel to the direction of the aligned rGO flakes in produced composites. Reduced graphene oxide is characterized by very high in-plane thermal and electrical conductivity.

Rats respond to aversive emotional arousal of human handlers with the activation of the basolateral and central amygdala.

Reading danger signals may save an animal's life, and learning about threats from others allows avoiding first-hand aversive and often fatal experiences. Fear expressed by other individuals, including those belonging to other species, may indicate the presence of a threat in the environment and is an important social cue. Humans and other animals respond to conspecifics' fear with increased activity of the amygdala, the brain structure crucial for detecting threats and mounting an appropriate response to them.

Modelling and Characterisation of Residual Stress of SiC-TiCT MXene Composites Sintered via Spark Plasma Sintering Method.

This article presents an attempt to determine the effect of the MXene phase addition and its decomposition during sintering with the use of the spark plasma sintering method on mechanical properties and residual stress of silicon carbide based composites. For this purpose, the unreinforced silicon carbide sinter and the silicon carbide composite with the addition of 2 wt.% of TiCT were tested.

Ability to share emotions of others as a foundation of social learning.

The natural habitats of most species are far from static, forcing animals to adapt to continuously changing conditions. Perhaps the most efficient strategy addressing this challenge consists of obtaining and acting upon pertinent information from others through social learning. We discuss how animals transfer information via social channels and what are the benefits of such exchanges, playing out on different levels, from theperception of socially delivered information to emotional sharing, manifesting themselves across different taxa of increasing biological complexity.

Investigation of MXenes Oxidation Process during SPS Method Annealing.

This paper discusses the effects of the environment and temperature of the TiC (MXene) oxidation process. The MXene powders were annealed at temperatures of 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, and 1800 °C in argon and vacuum using a Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) furnace. The purpose of the applied annealing method was to determine the influence of a high heating rate on the MXene degradation scheme.

Low Entropy Sub-Networks Prevent the Integration of Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Data.

The constantly and rapidly increasing amount of the biological data gained from many different high-throughput experiments opens up new possibilities for data- and model-driven inference. Yet, alongside, emerges a problem of risks related to data integration techniques. The latter are not so widely taken account of.

Time and spatial variability in concentrations of selected metals and their species in water and bottom sediments of Dzierżno Duże (Poland).

Poland is an industrialized country in which industries (especially the heavy ones) have had a tremendous influence on the environment. It is particularly visible in the Upper Silesia region, where the observed air, soil and water pollution levels are the most highest. The aim of this study was to determine the time and spatial variability in: concentrations of selected metals (Co, Ni, Zn, Cr, Mn, Pb, Cd), and, to a limited extent, of Cu, V, Al and Sr; concentrations of inorganic ions (Cl, SO, Na, K, Ca and Mg) and values of pH, conductivity and redox potential.

Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice.

Different rat and mouse models are used in studies of social interactions. Simple behavioral measures, which are commonly used in the laboratory, allow to perform relatively short experiments and to use multiple brain manipulation techniques. However, too much focus on the simplest behavioral models generates a serious risk of reducing ecological validity or even studying phenomena which would never happen outside of the laboratory.

Closed Die Upsetting of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced with Molybdenum Disulfide Nanocrystals and Multilayer Graphene, Implemented using the SPS Process-Microstructure Evolution.

New methods for producing composite materials such as SPS (Spark Plasma Sintering) are becoming more and more popular due to the ease of implementation in industrial conditions and the versatility of the materials used for processing. In order to fully exploit the potential of this method, modifications were proposed which consisted in the deliberate induction of deformation during the sintering process. The influence of the manufacturing method on the microstructure of aluminum alloy matrix composites reinforced with layered crystals in the form of nanoflakes was investigated.

Time and spatial variability in the concentrations of selected metals in water and bottom sediments of Pławniowice and Dzierżno Małe reservoirs (Poland).

The migration of metals and metalloids between bottom sediments and water and the other way round is a complex process. Understanding those mechanisms is essential for recognizing transformations taking place in water reservoir ecosystems. The objective behind the following study was to define time and spatial correlations in the changes in total concentrations of selected elements (Cr, Zn, Co, Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, As, Ba, Sb, Sr and V) in waters and bottom sediments from two water reservoirs located in Upper Silesia (Poland), i.

Tribological Properties of Aluminium Alloy Composites Reinforced with Multi-Layer Graphene-The Influence of Spark Plasma Texturing Process.

Self-lubricating composites are designed to obtain materials that reduce energy consumption, improve heat dissipation between moving bodies, and eliminate the need for external lubricants. The use of a solid lubricant in bulk composite material always involves a significant reduction in its mechanical properties, which is usually not an optimal solution. The growing interest in multilayer graphene (MLG), characterised by interesting properties as a component of composites, encouraged the authors to use it as an alternative solid lubricant in aluminium matrix composites instead of graphite.

Assessment of the restoration measures in a man-made reservoir: do oligochaete communities respond to the improvement of water quality?

Studies were carried out in a man-made reservoir that was undergoing restoration using selective hypolimnetic withdrawal (Pławniowice reservoir, Southern Poland). The aim of the research was to assess the changes in the composition of oligochaete fauna in relation to water quality and to estimate whether indices based on oligochaetes may be useful in the assessment of a reservoir's recovery from eutrophication. Samples were collected in the first, fifth, and eighth year of the restoration during the summer stratification at 22 sites along six transects that covered depths from 2 to 15 m.

Zearalenone in the Intestinal Tissues of Immature Gilts Exposed per os to Mycotoxins.

Zearalenone and its metabolites, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol, demonstrate estradiol-like activity and disrupt physiological functions in animals. This article evaluates the carryover of zearalenone and its selected metabolites from the digesta to intestinal walls (along the entire intestines) in pre-pubertal gilts exposed to low doses of zearalenone over long periods of time. The term "carryover" describes the transfer of mycotoxins from feed to edible tissues, and it was used to assess the risk of mycotoxin exposure for consumers.

Deoxynivalenol in the gastrointestinal tract of immature gilts under per os toxin application.

Deoxynivalenol is also known as vomitoxin due to its impact on livestock through interference with animal growth and acceptance of feed. At the molecular level, deoxynivalenol disrupts normal cell function by inhibiting protein synthesis via binding to the ribosome and by activating critical cellular kinases involved in signal transduction related to proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Because of concerns related to deoxynivalenol, the United States FDA has instituted advisory levels of 5 µg/g for grain products for most animal feeds and 10 µg/g for grain products for cattle feed.

Genetic variation of Fusarium oxysporum isolates forming fumonisin B(1) and moniliformin.

Thirty single-spore isolates of a toxigenic fungus, Fusarium oxysporum, were isolated from asparagus spears and identified by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF) sequence analysis. In the examined sets of F. oxysporum isolates, the DNA sequences of mating type genes (MAT) were identified.

Free Radicals, Salicylic Acid and Mycotoxins in Asparagus After Inoculation with Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum.

Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to monitor free radicals and paramagnetic species like Fe, Mn, Cu generation, stability and status in Asparagus officinalis infected by common pathogens Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum. Occurrence of F.

Formation of fumonisins and other secondary metabolites by Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum: a comparative study.

The principal aim of this study was to estimate the formation of fumonisins (FB(1) and FB(2)), moniliformin (MON), and ergosterol (ERG) by Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium proliferatum, while the formation of beauvericin (BEA) was estimated by the latter Fusarium species only. Moreover, the effect of temperature on the biosynthesis of mycotoxins was also evaluated. Fumonisins were formed by F.

Reaction of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to infection with Fusarium spp.: mycotoxin contamination in grain and chaff.

This study compares the susceptibility of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to Fusarium head blight (FHB) and accumulation of mycotoxins in kernels and chaff under different climatic conditions in two locations-Cerekwica near Poznan (Central West Poland) and Sitaniec, near Zamosc, Lublin region (South East Poland). Very high variations were found in the concentrations of mycotoxins (zearalenone, ZEA; nivalenol, NIV; deoxynivalenol, DON; moniliformin, MON) in examined fractions: Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) and healthy looking kernels (HLK) and in chaff for individual cultivars in both locations.

The effect of environmental conditions on ergosterol and trichothecene content of naturally contaminated oat grain.

Oat plants, similar to other cereals, are susceptible to invasion by fungal pathogens and saprophytes, but the severity of disease symptoms and the extent of fungal growth depend to a considerable degree on environmental conditions. This study aimed to analyse the dependence of ergosterol and trichothecene production in oat grain on environmental conditions. Three oat cultivars were cultivated in 10 localities across Poland under natural conditions of fungal infection.

Genetic determination of variability of barley doubled haploids inoculated with Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. with regard to mycotoxin accumulation and reduction in yield traits.

The genetic determination of variability of barley doubled haploid (DH) lines in regard of their susceptibility to Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium culmorum was studied. The susceptibility was evaluated in 3-year field experiment on the basis of reduction in yield traits and myotoxin accumulation in infected kernels. The following traits were analysed in inoculated and control plants: kernel number and weight per ear, 1000-kernel weight, percentage of plump kernels (>2.

[Filamentous fungi and mycotoxins as potential occupational risk factors among farmers harvesting various crops].

The studies to determine the level of filamentous fungi and mycotoxins were carried out in samples of grain and grain dust during threshing of cereals by a combine harvester. High concentration of fungi was noted in grain and grain dust samples, it ranged from 5.0 to 520.

Accumulation of mycotoxins in forage of winter pasture during prolonged utilisation of sward.

The concentration of mycotoxins in sward depending on time of pre-utilisation in summer and date of harvest in winter was analysed during the 2000-2002 vegetation seasons. Additionally, the yield of pasture sward was estimated. Higher concentrations of ochratoxin A--respectively: 0.

Moniliformin accumulation in kernels of oats used for food and feed purposes.

Inoculation experiments with 12 genotypes of oats (9 lines: CHD 894, CHD 1095, CHD 1296, CHD 1607, CHD 1653, CHD 1692, STH 2293, STH 2393, STH 2494, STH 2694 and 2 cultivars: Farys, Slawko) were performed during the vegetation seasons of 1999 - 2000 in Zamosc region in the South - Eastern part of Poland.Panicles of oats were inoculated with a conidial suspension ofFusarium avenaceum, which caused the following average reductions of traits: yield by 37.8 % and weight of 1000 kernels by 40.