Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis in Children and Adolescents: A Clinical and Radiographic Research Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

Aim: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate, via cone-beam computed tomography, the long-term postoperative outcome in children treated with mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

Materials And Methods: All young patients treated with mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO), during a 16-year period, at the University Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a Pediatric Hospital, were recalled, and various clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded.

Results: Eleven patients were included: 5 with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) and 6 with mandibular micrognathia.

Radiologic findings of osteonecrosis, osteoradionecrosis, osteomyelitis and jaw metastatic disease with cone beam CT.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess CBCT scans of patients with medication related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ), osteoradionecrosis (ORN), osteomyelitis (OM) and jaw metastatic disease (JM), evaluate the presence and extent of radiologic findings, identify radiologic parameters that may distinguish the four entities and last, introduce a new modified radiographic index (CRIm), in order to contribute to the diagnosis of these conditions.

Methods: Τwo major databases were retrospectively searched for fully documented and diagnosed CBCT scans of MRONJ, ORN, OM and JM from 2006 to 2019. 335 CBCT scans met the inclusion criteria and were assessed under standardized viewing conditions blindly by 2 observers.

Morphological Assessment of Nasopalatine Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study of 124 Consecutive Patients.

This study aimed to assess and analyze the morphology and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal (NPC), as well as the adjacent buccal osseous plate (BOP), and to investigate the effect of gender, edentulism, NPC types, absence of maxillary central incisors (ACI) and age on the NPC and BOP, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 124 CBCT examinations (67 female and 57 male patients) were retrospectively included and evaluated. The assessment of the dimensions of the NPC, as well as the dimensions of the adjacent BOP, was performed by three Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologists on reconstructed sagittal and coronal CBCT sections under standardized conditions.

The effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration.

Background: This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone regeneration (FBR), total number of osteocytes (Ost), and osteocyte cell density (CD), as well as its biodegradability.

Methods: Two critical-size defects (CSDs) were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (18 males and 18 females); the left remained empty (group A), while the right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold (group B). Two female rats died postoperatively.

A novel success scale for evaluating alveolar cleft repair using cone-beam computed tomography.

Purpose: Radiographic scales, based on plain radiographs, for the evaluation of alveolar cleft repair, have certain weaknesses and are thought to overestimate to some degree the success of the surgical intervention. The aim of this study was the presentation of a novel success scale for evaluating alveolar cleft repair using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials And Methods: Patients treated with secondary osteoplasty for unilateral or bilateral alveolar cleft were evaluated using the Bergland and Enemark scales, as well as the novel success scale, which measures the bone height, the bone width and the level of the nasal floor.

Alveolar bone histological necrosis observed prior to extractions in patients, who received bone-targeting agents.

Objective: We reported the alveolar bone histology prior to dental extractions in cancer patients, who received bone-targeting agents (BTA).

Subjects And Methods: Fifty-four patients were included. Patients underwent extractions, and bone biopsies were taken.

Imaging of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds using a cone beam computed tomography device on rat calvarial defects with histological verification.

Objectives: Τhis study aims at determining the ability of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to visualize critical-size defects (CSD) created at rat calvaria and filled with 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds, prior to their histological investigation.

Materials And Methods: Thirty adult Sprague Dawley rats, 15 males and 15 females, were used. Two CSD, 5 mm in diameter, were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone.

Recurrence in a patient with a 10-year history of sinonasal mucosal melanoma manifesting as facial swelling.

Sinonasal mucosal melanoma is a rare tumor that develops slowly and may manifest with non specific signs and symptoms, causing significant delay in diagnosis. Local recurrence is common and usually occurs within the first two years after the initial treatment. Prognosis of recurrent lesions is poor and 5-year survival ranges between 10-47%.

The presence of calcifications along the course of internal carotid artery in Greek and Brazilian populations: a comparative and retrospective cone beam CT data analysis.

Objectives: We aimed to retrospectively compare the prevalence of soft tissue calcifications (STCs) depicted incidentally along the extra- and intracranial course of the internal carotid artery (ICA) on cone beam computed tomography examinations in 2 different populations (Greeks and Brazilians).

Methods: The cohort consisted of examinations of 232 Greeks and 174 Brazilians, for a total of 406 patients. The scans were evaluated for the presence of STCs along the course of the ICA, with data analyzed in each ethnic group according to gender and age criteria.

The frequency of non-syndromic distomolar teeth in a Greek population sample?

Background: To investigate the frequency of non-syndromic distomolars in a Greek population sample.

Material And Methods: The study population of this retrospective study consisted of 859 Orthopantomograms (OPGs) of 425 male and 434 female patients, attended the Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Dental School of Athens seeking for treatment. The OPGs were taken as a part of the patients treatment planning.

Extra- and intra-cranial arterial calcifications in adults depicted as incidental findings on cone beam CT images.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate, retrospectively, the gender- and age-related prevalence of incidentally found calcifications, depicted within the course of the extra- and intra-cranial portion of internal carotid artery (ICA), in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations in adults, and to assess their clinical significance.

Materials And Methods: Out of a pull of 700 CBCT examinations a total of 484 CBCT scans of adult patients were finally selected according to a set of pre-defined criteria. These were evaluated for arterial calcifications presence within the ICAs course according to gender and age criteria.

Estimating cancer risk from dental cone-beam CT exposures based on skin dosimetry.

The aim of this study was to measure entrance skin doses on patients undergoing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations, to establish conversion factors between skin and organ doses, and to estimate cancer risk from CBCT exposures. 266 patients (age 8-83) were included, involving three imaging centres. CBCT scans were acquired using the SCANORA 3D (Soredex, Tuusula, Finland) and NewTom 9000 (QR, Verona, Italy).

Comparison of spatial and contrast resolution for cone-beam computed tomography scanners.

Objective: The purpose was to evaluate the perceived spatial and contrast resolution for a wide range of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices.

Study Design: A customized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom was developed. Inserts containing a line-pair and rod pattern were used.

Quantification of metal artifacts on cone beam computed tomography images.

Objectives: To quantify metal artifacts obtained from a wide range of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices and exposure protocols, to compare their tolerance to metals of different densities, and to provide insights regarding the possible implementation of metal artifact analysis into a QC protocol for CBCT.

Materials And Methods: A customized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom, containing titanium and lead rods, was fabricated. It was scanned on 13 CBCT devices and one multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) device, including high-dose and low-dose exposure protocols.

Development and applicability of a quality control phantom for dental cone-beam CT.

Cone-beam CT (CBCT) has shown to be a useful imaging modality for various dentomaxillofacial applications. However, optimization and quality control of dental CBCT devices is hampered due to the lack of an appropriate tool for image quality assessment. To investigate the application of different image quality parameters for CBCT, a prototype polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cylindrical phantom with inserts for image quality analysis was developed.

Cone beam computed tomographic findings in temporomandibular joint disorders.

Radiographic examination and imaging play an important role in the diagnosis and management of most temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Several techniques have been used for the examination of the TMJ, including conventional tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), arthrography, computed tomography (CT), and, recently, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Evaluation of the visibility and the course of the mandibular incisive canal and the lingual foramen using cone-beam computed tomography.

Objectives: To assess the visibility and the course of the incisive canal and the visibility and the location of the lingual foramen using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: In total, 100 CBCT examinations of patients for preoperative planning were used for this study. The examinations were taken using the NewTom 3G CBCT unit, applying a standardized exposure protocol.

Treatment of periodontal endosseous defects with platelet-rich plasma alone or in combination with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft: a comparative clinical trial.

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) alone or combined with other regenerative materials was previously studied in human periodontal endosseous defects. There are no sufficient data evaluating to what extent the addition of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) to PRP may enhance the effectiveness of PRP. The aim of this randomized, double-masked, controlled clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of autologous PRP alone to PRP + DFDBA in periodontal endosseous defects.

Tooth loss and osteoporosis: the OSTEODENT Study.

Aim: To determine the cross-sectional association of the osteoporotic status of patients with the number of their teeth, with and without taking into account age and/or smoking.

Material & Methods: At four centres, the study recruited 665 females aged 45-70 years and the number of teeth was counted for 651 subjects. Bone density was measured at the total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine.

Reliability of panoramic radiograph for carotid atheroma detection: a study in patients who fulfill the criteria for carotid endarterectomy.

Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of panoramic radiograph (PR) for carotid artery atheroma detection, by comparing its results with the carotid-vertebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA) findings, as well as with the detected calcium deposition in the carotid plaques, which were surgically resected, using direct radiographs.

Study Design: Forty consecutive patients suffering from carotid artery atherosclerotic occlusive disease confirmed by preoperative DSA, fulfilling the criteria for carotid endarterectomy, were operated on. Preoperatively, all of the patients had undergone PR, while postoperatively all of the surgically resected carotid plaques were radiographed using radiographic films and submitted to histologic examination.

Radiation dose reduction in direct digital panoramic radiography.

Objectives: (a) To measure the absorbed radiation doses at 16 anatomical sites of a Rando phantom and (b) to calculate the effective doses including and excluding the salivary gland doses in panoramic radiography using a conventional and a digital panoramic device.

Study Design: Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100) were placed at 16 sites in a Rando phantom, using a conventional, Planmeca Promax and a digital, Planmeca PM2002CC Proline 2000 (Planmeca Oy, 00880 Helsinki, Finland) panoramic device for panoramic radiography. During conventional radiography the selected exposure settings were 66 kVp, 6 mA and 16s, while during digital radiography two combinations were selected 60 kVp, 4 mA, 18 s and 66 kVp, 8 mA, 18s with and without image processing function.

Dose reduction in maxillofacial imaging using low dose Cone Beam CT.

Objectives: (a) To measure the absorbed dose at certain anatomical sites of a RANDO phantom and to estimate the effective dose in radiographic imaging of the jaws using low dose Cone Beam computed tomography (CBCT) and (b) to compare the absorbed and the effective doses between thyroid and cervical spine shielding and non-shielding techniques.

Study Design: Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100) were placed at 14 sites in a RANDO phantom, using a Cone Beam CT device (Newtom, Model QR-DVT 9000, Verona, Italy). Dosimetry was carried out applying two techniques: in the first, there was no shielding device used while in the second one, a shielding device (EUREKA!, TRIX) was applied for protection of the thyroid gland and the cervical spine.

Clinical and radiographic comparison of three regenerative procedures in the treatment of intrabony defects.

The purpose of this study was to compare clinically and radiographically the results obtained following application of (1) commercially available demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA), (2) guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using a bioabsorbable polylactic acid softened with citric acid ester barrier, and (3) enamel matrix derivative gel (EMD), in the treatment of two- and three-walled intrabony defects. The study included 39 patients--12 in the DFDBA group, 12 in the GTR group, and 15 in the EMD group--each with one treated defect. Clinical measurements, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, probing depths, clinical attachment levels, and recession were comparable in the three groups at baseline.

Localized jaw enlargement in renal osteodystrophy: report of a case and review of the literature.

Renal osteodystrophy is a common long-term complication of end-stage renal disease. Involvement of the jaws is common and radiographic alterations are often one of the earliest signs of chronic renal disease. However, marked enlargement of the jaws is a rare complication of renal osteodystrophy.