Background: Enhanced characterization of the atrial electrical substrate may lead to better comprehension of atrial fibrillation (AF) pathophysiology.
Objective: With the use of high-density substrate mapping, we sought to investigate the occurrence of functional electrophysiological phenomena in the left atrium and to assess potential association with arrhythmia recurrences after catheter ablation.
Methods: Sixty-three consecutive patients with AF referred for ablation were enrolled.