[Difficulties in differential x-ray diagnosis of restrictive pneumothorax in young children].

To define X-ray signs of restrictive pneumothorax, the authors analyzed X-ray films of 225 newborns and babies of the first 3 months of life who were examined for respiratory disorders and acute respiratory diseases. Restrictive pneumothorax was detected in 19 (8.44%) infants.

[The use of spatial image filtration in the diagnosis of tumors and tumor-like processes of the jaws in children].

34 children were examined for tumours and tumor-like jaws diseases odontomas, giant cell tumours, fibrous osteodysplasias, epulides, eosinophilic granulomas. Roentgenograms and tomograms of the patients have undergone space filtration on the device for the DAR-2 roentgenogram analysis with separation of the upper and middle space frequencies of the picture. Space filtration separated features of the picture having differentially diagnostic meaning and characterizing the particularities of the tumour structure, it's bone border, alteration of the surrounding soft tissues.

[Defects in the delivery of medical care to the population and their forensic medical evaluation].

A total of 177 records of expert evaluations carried out in 1987-1992 are reviewed, describing 526 cases of defective medical care. The incidence of accusations of medical workers of various specialties is analyzed, as is the incidence of inadequate care at various therapeutic institutions and at different stages of medical care, the outcomes of errors, and structure of errors made at prehospital and hospital stages.

[Computed tomography in the diagnosis of postoperative changes of paranasal sinuses].

Basing on the evidence obtained at examinations of 37 patients within 15-year follow-up after surgery on the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses, the authors analyse potentialities and techniques of computed tomography in diagnosis of the developments in operated on paranasal sinuses. CT demonstrated advantages in examination of paranasal sinus walls and soft tissue alterations in them.

[Possibilities of radiodiagnosis in systemic connective tissue syndromes].

Two cases with a rare systemic disease are described. The first of them is as follows: a female aged 58 developed sclerodermic cardiomyopathy manifesting by cardiomegaly which resulted in myocardial infarction followed by heart aneurysm. In the second observation a female aged 60 developed mixed systemic connective-tissue Sharp-type syndrome though with calcinosis in heart structures (similarly as in Thibierge - Weissenbach syndrome) and with renal cysts, possibly of a connective-tissue origin.

[X-ray and morphological changes in fibrous osteodysplasias of the jaws in children].

Thirty-three children were examined operated on for histologically verified fibrous osteodysplasia. X-ray examinations of the maxilla and mandible were carried out in the nasofrontal and lateral projections, roentgenograms were made in the semiaxial and naso-forehead projections, and intraoral roentgenograms of the teeth and alveolar processes, orthopantomograms of the mandible, and linear tomograms were made. Five variants of an x-ray picture of fibrous dysplasia were distinguished which should be taken into consideration in differential diagnosis.

[Fractures of the zygomatic bone].

Under study were 248 patients with fractures of the upper and middle zone of face including injury of the zygomatic bone. The examination performed has revealed a joint character of the injury of the zygomatic bone and the maxillary sinus walls. The rational grouping of fractures of the zygomatic bone includes isolated fractures of its processes and lower edge of the orbit as well as fractures of the zygomatic-maxillary complex.

[The x-ray diagnosis of isolated and combined fractures of the naso-orbital area].

Fifty-two patients with naso-orbital fractures were examined. Regularities in isolated and multiple injuries of such bones were detected. Specific features of the injuries of individual osseous structures of the naso-orbital complex in various types of fractures were analyzed.

[A method for obtaining x-rays of the bones of the nose for the diagnosis of fractures].

The author suggests a method for making highly-structured roentgenograms of nasal bones in forensic medical expert examinations of live subjects, involving no x-raying of nasal bones. The method is based on nasal bones imaging in skull bone roentgenography in the lateral projection.

[Radiodiagnosis of acute diffuse disorders of pulmonary blood vessels].

Thirty-three experiments with dogs and clinical studies in 93 patients on the differential x-ray diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome helped specify the x-ray signs of various stages of this condition.

[Radiodiagnosis of Le Fort type fractures].

Le Fort's fractures of maxillary bones are referred to grave injuries that require an accurate and urgent diagnosis. A total of 70 patients with different variants of such fractures were examined. The x-ray examination included polypositional roentgenography, linear tomography and panoramic sonography with the Sonarc apparatus.

[The diagnosis of fractures of the anterior cranial fossa in craniofacial trauma].

The authors examined 436 patients with acute trauma of the upper and middle zones of the visceral cranium. Injury to the anterior cranial fossa was discovered in fractures of the orbitonasal complex, isolated fractures of the upper zone, fractures of the Le Fort II and Le Fort III types, and multiple fractures of the upper and middle zones of the face. Such fractures were found in 158 cases, in 76 of them (48.

[Panoramic zonography in the diagnosis of orbital fractures].

A total of 453 patients with acute injuries of the upper and median zones of the facial skull were examined. The most frequent injury was that to the orbital entrance, fractures of the inferior wall; fractures of the exterior, interior, and anterior walls were less incident, and fractures of the orbital apex were the most rare. Types of the skull bone fractures, associated with injury to the orbital walls, were distinguished.

[Diagnosis of postoperative changes in the frontal and maxillary sinuses].

The paper specifies x-ray picture of surgically treated frontal and maxillary sinuses in uneventful healing without inflammation relapses (30 cases), in relapse of purulent (21 sinuses), purulent-polypous (15 sinuses), polypous (4 sinuses) sinusitis, in pain syndrome in the region of the operated on maxillary sinus projection (7 patients). X-ray symptoms of postoperative changes in the sinuses, varying in clinical course, are characterized.

[X-ray diagnosis of ruptures of the distal radioulnar joint].

The paper describes 42 intact, 14 damaged and 52 ruptured radioulnar joints. The joints width was measured, the radioulnar index calculated, x-ray pictures filtered. Variants of isolated injuries of the joints in different bone dislocation, changes in combined ruptures and injuries are described.

[Destructive changes in the spine during ankylosing spondylarthritis].

Destructive changes in vertebral bodies, mainly in the thoracic part, zones of rearrangement and pseudoarthrosis are revealed in Bekhterev's disease. These changes develop in advanced stages of this disease in the form of subligamentous destruction of the anterior surface of vertebral bodies, limited destruction in the area of anterior parts in the zone of intervertebral disks, superficial destruction of cranial and caudal body plates with shortening of a height of an intervertebral disk, deep destruction of adjacent surfaces of vertebral bodies with expansion of intervertebral spaces.

[Panoramic zonography in the diagnosis of blowout fractures of the orbit].

Altogether 32 patients with blow-out fractures of the orbit were investigated, using an x-ray study that included panoramic zonography. Isolated blow-out fractures and blow-out fractures combined with injured adjacent facial bones, were singled out. X-ray signs were divided into direct ones, characterizing a parietal fracture, and secondary ones, determined by secondary traumatic changes.

[The selective spatial filtration of roentgenograms in the forensic medical expertise of stab-cutting wounds].

Investigation of 14 roentgenograms of skin preparations with cut-stab wounds, treated by spatial filtration method in medium and high spatial frequency modes was performed using material of 13 specific cases. This resulted in detection of disturbances of skin pattern left at the area of former skin cone in 7 cases while in 2 cases indistinct heel traces were seen. Changes in skin pattern were not recorded on roentgenograms of skin preparation of 12 experimental cut-stab wounds obtained on cadaveric skin.

[Image processing of thymus gland tumors].

Altogether 40 thymic tumor patients were investigated. Radiograms and pneumomediastinograms were subjected to processing a posteriori (increased contrast and spatial filtration). Spatial filtration improved selective analysis of spatial frequencies of imaging.

[Image processing of thymus tumors].

Altogether 40 thymic tumor patients were investigated. Radiograms and pneumomediastinograms were subjected to processing aposteriori (increased contrast and spatial filtration). Spatial filtration improved selective analysis of spatial frequencies of imaging.

[Roentgenological diagnosis of injuries of the tibiofibular syndesmosis].

Under study there were 23 patients without alterations in the area of tibiofibular syndesmosis, 53 patients with isolated injuries and 132 patients with associated injuries in the area of syndesmosis. Roentgenogrammetry (calculation of the tibiofibular index) and special filtration of the roentgenogram picture were performed. Roentgenogrammetric indices of ruptures of syndesmosis and peculiarities of bone injuries at the level of syndesmosis were established.