Optimization of feed for Nile tilapia () using an Excel programming model in small-scale feed-mixing operations in Togo.

This study aims to develop an Excel programming model to formulate feed for Nile tilapia (), mainly for small- and medium-sized fish feed manufacturers. The model allows users to formulate the least costly balanced diet of Nile tilapia species, giving them the ability to choose a specific ingredient in the formulation according to the realities of the local environment: space-temporary availability of ingredients, prices and nutritional quality. Computer programming of a database of 25 locally available feed components was carried out using the Excel Solver Add-in and Excel IF mathematical functions to incorporate/delete specific ingredients in real time in accordance with user objectives.