[Structural features of the heart coronary sinus in adult humans].

The aim of investigation was to study the morphologic features and morphometric parameters of coronary sinus of the human heart with special reference to age- and gender-dependent differences. 330 hearts of male and female patients, who died at the age of 21-92 years from different reasons, were in studied. The length and width of coronary sinus and its main shape characteristics were analyzed.

[On the anatomical terms used for description of brain arteries and discrepancy between them and anatomical nomenclature].

The following terms are used in Russian literature to designate arteries, which carry blood into the brain: brachiocephalic arteries, aortic arch branches, main cerebral arteries (arteries of the head), extra- and intracranial cerebral arteries, precerebral arteries. All terms either have substantial drawbacks or conflict with the adopted anatomical terminology. These discrepancies become far more significant in view of publication of "Terminologia Anatomica" (New York, 1998).

[Age dependent changes in cervical region of the spine according to data of nuclear magnetic tomography].

Morphological characteristics of spine cervical region were studied in 132 patients (62 female and 70 male) aged 12-76 years using magnetic resonance tomography. The imaging was performed with the use of T1 and T2--weighting regimes. The study revealed sex- and age-dependent differences in the dimensions of cervical vertebrae.

[Correlation between the dimensions of the human paranasal sinuses and the skull type].

To detect the dependence of the dimensions of maxillar and frontal paranasal sinuses on the age, sex, and the skull type in population inhabiting Karelya, 1566 maxillar sinuses and 1404 frontal sinuses were studied in radiographs of practically healthy subjects aged 3-85 years. The correlation between age, sex, dimensions of maxillar and frontal sinuses, and the skull type was established that is revealed in that the latitudinal dimensions of the sinuses prevail in brachiomorphous skull type, while the altitude dimensions are prevalent in dolichomorphous type regardless the sex and age. Total dimensions of maxillar sinuses are larger in dolichomorphous skull type: in males that is especially pronounced for maxillar sinuses, while in females--for frontal sinuses.

[Postmortem and intravital study of the human heart in prenatal ontogenesis].

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of the heart in human fetuses at weeks 18-40 of intrauterine development. The investigation included 2 series of observations: 182 hearts were taken from the fetuses at autopsy, while 58 hearts were studied in living fetuses by ultrasonography of the pregnant women. The following parameters were assessed: heart length and width, atrial and ventricular width, diameter of the aorta.

[Changes in paranasal sinuses during postnatal ontogenesis of inhabitants of Karelia ].

Roentgenographs of 1566 maxillary, 1404 frontal and 131 sphenoid sinuses (a total of 3101 sinuses) belonging to the practically healthy individuals of both sexes aged 3-85 years were studied to reveal the regularities of growth of paranasal sinuses in inhabitants of Karelya. It was established that the dimensions of paranasal sinuses depended upon person's age and gender. The growth of paranasal sinuses in women was completed 1.

[Dynamics of morphometric parameters of skeletal bone in inhabitants of Saint-Petersburg].

2102 roentgenograms of the left manus bones from both sexes subjects with normal health status aged up to 18 were studied to detect peculiarities of skeleton maturity of St. Petersburg inhabitants. TW-2 modified Tanner-Whitehouse method was used.

[Study of the anatomy of the living human heart using echocardiography].

For studying anatomy of the alive human heart, a new method of ultrasonic echography has been used. With its assistance it is possible to see all the cardiac chambers, interventricular and interatrial septa, tricuspidal and mitral valves, their chordae, papillary muscles, myocardium and pericardium. Not only their statics, but also their dynamics are investigated, when the heart contracts and its valves make movements.

[Ultrastructural and functional changes in the myocardium and coronary vessels after massive blood loss].

The ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes and circulatory bed has been compared to transmembrane cAMP-dependent Ca2+ transport in experiments on the hearts of 14 dogs immediately after massive blood loss. The results an hour after non-compensatory hemorrhage have shown extra- and intracellular myocardial edema, central destruction of sarcomers, steep increase in the volume of agranular sarcomplasmic reticulum and T-system, different degree of damage of other organoids, and also disturbances in the ultrastructure of venous capillary and postcapillary section. The biochemical techniques used have shown a decrease in Ca2+ transporting ability of sarcolemma due to its AMP-dependent regulation of cardiomyocytes.

[Effect of gravitational loads (+Gx) of the training schedule on the structure of the main arteries of dogs].

In dogs subjected to gravitational overloadings (+Gx) according to a special training schedule the wall structure of the main arteries (carotid, humeral, femoral and aorta) was studied by histological methods. The amount of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) in the venous blood plasma and in the adrenal tissue was the index of the sympathoadrenal system condition. It was demonstrated that in trained animals the tolerance threshold to continuously increasing overloadings (+Gx) rose.

[Structure of the walls of the main arteries exposed to experimental hypergravitation and hypokinesia].

The structure of the wall of the carotid humeral and femoral arteries and the aorta was studied by histological methods in 260 rabbits under effects of positive longitudinal unendurable stresses, stresses of the training character and hypokinesia. Under study also was the structure of components of the aorta adventitia microcirculatory bed with the impregnation of tissue sections after V.V.

[Morphology of the wall of some main arteries normally and in limited motor activity].

Effects of different periods of hypokinesia upon the structure of the main arteries wall and the microcirculatory bed of the aorta adventitia were studied in rabbits by histological methods. It was shown that hypokinesia lasting more than 4 weeks resulted in the atrophy of the medical sheath and dystrophy of the elastic framework in the wall of main arteries. In the microcirculatory bed of the aorta adventitia there occurred blood stagnation, the integrity of the microvessels wall (mainly capillaries, postcapillaries and venules) was broken.