The development and application of a method for assessing radionuclide surface contamination density based on measurements of ambient dose equivalent rate.

This article presents a method for assessing the radionuclide surface contamination density (SCD) on open sites and in premises of a radiation hazardous facility based on measurements of the ambient dose equivalent rate (ADER). The method is intended for use at the initial stage of the assessment of the radiation environment at facilities. The assessed SCD at a given location on the surface can differ from the directly measured SCD at that location, since sources located on the surface and distributed by the depth contribute to the ADER value.

Radiation situation dynamics at the Andreeva Bay site for temporary storage of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste over the period 2002-2016.

The Coastal Technical Base (CTB) №569 at Andreeva Bay was established in the early 1960s and intended for the refueling of nuclear submarine reactors and temporary storage of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and radioactive waste (RW). In 2001, the base was transferred to the Russian Ministry for Atomic Energy and the site remediation began. The paper describes in detail the radiation situation change at the technical site in Andreeva Bay from 2002-2016, the period of preparation for the most critical phase of remedial work: removal of spent fuel assemblies.

Methods of minimising doses incurred by external exposure while moving in radiation hazardous areas.

Radiation doses received by workers during their movement within areas contaminated as a result of events and activities, leading to emergency or existing exposure situations, may provide a substantial contribution to total external exposure during remediation work. This paper describes an approach to minimise worker external exposure in these circumstances, based on graph theory. The paper describes several tasks, including: searching for a route with the lowest dose, searching for an optimal bypass with a given set of control points and searching for the optimal road network coverage.

3D simulation as a tool for improving the safety culture during remediation work at Andreeva Bay.

Andreeva Bay in northwest Russia hosts one of the former coastal technical bases of the Northern Fleet. Currently, this base is designated as the Andreeva Bay branch of Northwest Center for Radioactive Waste Management (SevRAO) and is a site of temporary storage (STS) for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and other radiological waste generated during the operation and decommissioning of nuclear submarines and ships. According to an integrated expert evaluation, this site is the most dangerous nuclear facility in northwest Russia.

[Regulatory supervision and radiation survey in the area of location of former military technical bases].

Activities related to the rehabilitation of areas and facilities of the temporary storage of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste (SNF and RW) at Andreeva Bay and Gremikha on the Kola Peninsula and in the Primorsky Krai in the Russian Far East is an important component of the regulatory functions of the Federal Medical biological Agency (FMBA of Russia). Technical support to the FMBA of Russia in this activity is provided by A.L Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center Main research interests include evaluation of radiological threats to determine the priority directions of regulation, a detailed analysis of the radiation situation at areas, territories and in vicinity of temporary waste storage facilities, radiation control and environmental monitoring, the development of digital maps and geoinformation systems, project expertise in the field of rehabilitation of PVC including the management of SNF and RW Implementation of these natural, practical and theoretical works is completed by development a set of regulatory documents ensuring adherence to radiation safety for the stuff population and the environment, and the also documents governing the management of SNF and RW waste in the territories of PVC.

[Clinical features of female genital tuberculosis in the period of 1980 to 2005].

Comparative analysis of two groups of patients with female genital tuberculosis treated at the Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthiosiopulmonology in 1980 to 2005 has shown that patients of younger age have recently fallen ill with this disease. The genital tuberculous process is commonly preceded or attended by other forms of tuberculosis of various organs and systems, such as the lung, lymph nodes, and kidney. The pain syndrome and impaired menstrual cycle are observed in half the patients; infertility is present in 60%; profound anatomic changes are less frequently seen in the fallopian tubes.

[The modern organ- and function-sparing surgical treatment in oncology].

The results of organ-sparing treatment of patients with cancers of the breast, uterine cervix, endometrium and ovary are described in the paper. A prospective randomized clinical study launched in 1995 at Petrov's Research Institute of Oncology comprised cases of above 700 patients with breast cancer, around 300 women with cancer in situ and with microinvasive cancer of the uterine cervix and 83 patients with initial endometrial cancer. The results of the above treatment (segment resection + axillar dissection + radiotherapy) were shown to be similar to those obtained after Petey-Dyson mastectomy (5-year survival of 86.

[Doppler investigation of blood flow in uterine vessels of patients with endometrial cancer].

125 suspects for endometrial pathology were examined to evaluate clinical significance of color Doppler sonography for comprehensive diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. This pathology was identified in 114; atypical hyperplasia--11. The data on combined application of traditional ultrasound and color Doppler sonography were compared with those on clinical and postoperative histological examinations.

[Effectiveness of combined resection and exenteration of the pelvic organs as part of the comprehensive treatment of extensive malignancies of the rectum and female genitals].

The results of the surgical treatment of 865 patients with extended malignancies of the rectum and female genitals are presented. Combined resection and exenteration of organs of the small pelvis (both radical and palliative to ensure cytoreduction of tumor) were carried out in 695 cases (palliative surgery for symptoms--170). The number of resections and sphincter-saving operations has increased while the lethality rates have dropped in recent years.

[Morphologic factors influencing the prognosis of squamous-cell cervical cancer].

The role of such morphological factors as depth of invasion, tumor growth pattern, distinct boundary of tumor, presence of tumor emboli in vessels, level of lymphocyte-plasmocyte infiltration and mitotic activity of tumor cells in the course and prognosis of squamous-cell cervical carcinoma has been studied. Invasion depth, tumor pattern, tumor boundary and emboli in the vessels are prognostically relevant in lymph-related dissemination and recurrence of the disease.

[Pathogenetic variation of uterine cervix tumors].

Variation in pathogenetic pattern was suggested on the basis of an evaluation of biological and tumor-related factors carried out in 505 patients with primary cervical tumors, stage I-III. Clinical course and prognosis appeared to be in correlation with the variation.