Nondysphoric depression following stroke.

Right hemisphere damage may influence the presentation of depressive disorders ensuing after stroke by disrupting emotion processing mechanisms. Three-hundred and one consecutive admissions for acute stroke were examined and subjects meeting previously validated criteria for nondysphoric depression (i.e.

Irritability following traumatic brain injury.

This study was undertaken to identify the clinical and pathoanatomical correlates of irritability in patients with closed head injuries. A consecutive series of 66 patients was assessed in hospital and at 3, 6, 9, and 12-month follow-ups. Patients fulfilling criteria for irritability were divided into 2 groups based on the immediate or delayed onset of their irritability and compared with patients without irritability for background characteristics, impairment variables, and lesion characteristics.

Functional impairment associated with acute poststroke depression: the Stroke Data Bank Study.

To examine the independent association of depression following acute stroke with impairment in activities of daily living (ADL), the authors conducted a cross-sectional analysis of stroke patients enrolled in the Stroke Data Bank (U.S.A.

Social impairment and depression after traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Previous studies have shown that social impairment is associated with major depression throughout the first year after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study examined the specific social factors that were associated with post-TBI depression.

Method: A consecutive series of 65 patients with closed head injuries were cross-sectionally and longitudinally examined using a semistructured psychiatric interview, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the Social Functioning Exam during in-hospital care and at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups.

Effects of hypercapnia on cerebral blood flow following prophylactic and delayed experimental superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass.

Cerebral blood flow was studied in dogs to ascertain whether preexisting superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass could preserve hypercapnic reactivity following acute ischemia and whether postischemic-delayed revascularization would restore hypercapnic reactivity. In six dogs flow was preserved and some degree of hypercapnic response remained following proximal occlusion with a patent bypass. During complete ischemia (bypass occluded) there was no hypercapnic reactivity in the ischemic zone.

The influence of alcoholism on the course of depression.

The clinical course of 289 patients with primary non-bipolar major depression without concurrent alcoholism was compared with that of 79 patients with non-bipolar major depression with concurrent alcoholism. Neither patient group suffered from dysthymia or current drug abuse. Contrary to expectations, the two groups did not differ on time to recovery from the major depression, time to relapse into a subsequent major depression, or various cross-sectional clinical ratings at 2 years.

Sequential measurement of somatosensory evoked potentials in a canine model of hemispheric ischaemia.

We have previously shown that occlusion of 6 canine intracranial vessels produces profound hemispheric ischaemia and abolishes the ipsilateral SSEP. In the present study, this work was extended to ascertain the differential contributions of 6 intracranial vessels to SSEP function. Five dogs underwent craniotomy, brain retractions, and ipsilateral arterial microdissection, and were prepared for SSEP recordings.

Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and somatosensory evoked potentials in a canine model of hemispheric ischemia.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied using the radiolabeled microsphere technique in a canine model of hemispheric ischemia that others have previously examined morphologically with carbon perfusion. It was our goal to ascertain whether this ischemic model, which involves easily accessible occlusions of the ipsilateral circle of Willis, could produce reproducible and significant reduction of hemispheric cerebral blood flow. Seven animals underwent the surgical procedure with measurements of rCBF at base line, after arterial microdissection and brain retraction only, and finally after creation of the lesion.

Effects of preexisting bypass graft on rCBF and SSEP's following acute stroke in dogs.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with radiolabeled microspheres in a canine model of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass and acute ischemia. Ischemic zone flows in seven dogs with the bypass first closed and then open showed no significant contribution of bypass flow in the intact vascular system. Following acute proximal occlusion, rCBF was preserved by bypass flow.