[Oxidative stress, rRNA genes, and antioxidant enzymes in pathogenesis of schizophrenia and autism: modeling and clinical advices].

Ribosomal genes (RG), or genes for rRNA, are represented by multiple tandem repeats in eukaryotic genomes, and just a part of them is transcriptionally active. The quantity of active copies is a stable genome feature which determines the cell's capability for rapid synthesis of proteins, necessary to cope with stress conditions. Low number of active RG copies leads to reduced stress resistance and elevated risk of multifactorial disorders (MFD).

[Herpesvirus type 8 and its implication in human pathology].

Herpesvirus type 8 or Kaposi's sarcoma-associated virus has been recently discovered and it is an etiologic agent of several known diseases. It has common features that link it with other representatives of the family Herpesviridae: similar structural elements and genomic organization, and the common mechanisms of replication. Nevertheless, this virus has a number of unique features that make it an interesting matter for investigations and currently central in modern medicine and biology.

[Determination of genome dose of active ribosome genes and several quantitative parameters of extracellular dna in test-subjects of the experiment with 7-day immersion].

Genome dose of active ribosome genes (ARG), average of nucleolus argyrophil structures in lymphocyte nuclei, levels of extracellular DNA (DNA(e)) concentrations and ratio of antibodies to total DNA (AB(DNA)) and ribosomal DNA (AB(DNA-rib)), and nuclease activity were determined in peripheral blood of 8 volunteered subjects (21-26 y.o.) in the experiment with 7-d DI.

[Study of endothelium-dependent blood oscillations in the human skin microcirculatory bed].

Cutaneous microcirculation parameters were studied with laser Doppler flowmetry in healthy volunteers. To investigate endothelial-dependent peripheral blood flow oscillations the iontophoresis of 1% acetylcholine solution was carried out. To estimate the contribution of rhythmical components in blood flow signal the continuous wavelet-transform spectral analysis was used.

[Estimation of age-related changes in the regulation of peripheral blood flow in humans].

The age-dependent features in the state of skin microvascular bed has been studied with laser Doppler flowmetry in healthy volunteers of different age groups. To reveal the reaction of skin blood flow in response to short-term ischemia, the occlusive test has been carried out. To estimate the contribution of rhythmic components to blood flow signal, continuous wavelet-transform spectral analysis was used.

[Aging features in functioning of skin microvascular bed in humans].

The state of skin microcirculation system has been studied in healthy volunteers aged from 20 to 77, using laser Doppler flowmetry. To reveal the reaction of microvascular bed in response to short-term ischemia, occlusive test has been carried out. During experiment the age-induced reduction of microcirculation index has been observed at rest.

[Quantitative analysis of repetitive sequences in human genomic DNA and detection of an elevated ribosomal repeat copy number in patients with schizophrenia (the results of molecular and cytogenetic analysis)].

A modified version of quantitating repetitive sequences in genomic DNA was developed to allow comparisons for numerous individual genomes and simultaneous analysis of several sequences in each DNA specimen. The relative genomic content of ribosomal repeats (rDNA) was estimated for 75 individuals, including 33 healthy donors (HD) and 42 schizophrenic patients (SP). The rDNA copy number in HD was 427 +/- 18 (mean SE) per diploid nucleus, ranging 250-600.

[Combined use of killed vaccines and immunomodulator ridostin for urgent prevention of epidemic stomatitis, Aujeszky disease and carnivore plague in experiment].

Results of experimental studies of mice and pigs infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus, minks infected with Aujeszky's disease virus, and dogs infected with canine distemper virus are described. In animals with foot-and-mouth disease and Aujeszky's disease, combined treatment with killed vaccine and immunomodulator Ridostin by the scheme of urgent prophylaxis (3 days before infection) caused 75% (foot-and-mouth disease) and 100% (Aujeszky's disease) prevention of animal death and development of generalized infection. The use of Ridostin by the scheme of urgent prophylaxis in a canine distemper infection focus arrested clinical symptoms of the disease in 50% of animals received immunomodulator.

[Elements of structural organization of the transcribed area of the ribosomal repeat (rDNA) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes].

The rDNA transcribed region (TR) was tested for accessibility to RsaI recognizing 15 TR sites, DNase I, and photoinducible arylazide (N-(4-azido-2-hydroxybenzoyl)-N,N'-diaminoheptane acetate) in isolated nuclei and, with arylazide, in intact cells. Arylazide entered cells well and did not appreciably affect the chromatin structure. Its photolysis products efficiently modified DNA in accessible sites.

[Modulation of human peripheral blood neutrophil apoptosis by ultraviolet C-range radiation and by gamma-irradiation].

It was found that the irradiation with in vitro UVC (254 nm) in the dose range of 6-600 J/m2 accelerates the apoptosis of human peripheral blood neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner, with saturation occurring at UVC doses of 250-300 J/m2. gamma-Irradiation with a dose of 2 Gy accelerates the apoptosis of neutrophils, whereas the irradiation with doses of 10 and 20 Gy suppresses it (by 9 h of cultivation). Lipopolysaccharide (1 microgram/ml) suppresses the UVC-induced apoptosis of neutrophils.

[Development of a suppository form of the interferon inducer poludan and potentiation of its action by hyaluronic acid].

A promising dosage form of interferon inductor poludan has been developed for the treatment of patients with genital herpes and ophthalmic herpes: suppositoria. High interferon-producing and antiviral activity of poludan in suppositoria is potentiated by hyaluronic acid and antioxidants.

[The antitumor action of double-stranded interferon inducers (larifan, ridostin) and reaferon in an experiment].

Interferon inducers larifan and rhidostin, and reaferon were shown to exert an inhibiting antitumor effect manifested in the prolongation of the incubation period, decrease of the size of tumors, and longer survival of the animals. The maximal anti-tumor and immunomodulating effect was obtained by combined use of preimmunization with tumor cells and simultaneous administration of reaferon or interferon inducers, larifan and rhidostin. Larifan was also shown to have a greater antitumor activity than rhidostin.

[Anti-idiotypic antibodies against antibodies to the herpes simplex virus and its early antigens].

Polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id-AT or AT2) were produced to AT idiotopes of virion antigens--structural proteins of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and of early virus-induced antigens (VIA). The method of SPRIA established that anti-Id-AT seemed to be associated with AT active centers. Besides, immunization with anti-Id-AT produced anti-anti-Id-AT (AT3) similar in their specificity with antiviral AT or anti-VIA.

[Immunity to tumors induced by herpes simplex virus in hamsters].

Preparations of early herpes simplex virus antigen (VIA) and specific antibodies to it were used to induce active and passive immunity to herpes virus-induced tumors in experimental animals. The results demonstrated the increased resistance of animals to transplantation of tumor cells due to vaccination with VIA-containing preparations. Thus, in VIA-vaccinated animals there was a delay in the development of tumors and the survival time was significantly higher than in the controls.

[Early antigens induced by cytomegalovirus in human tumor and leukemia cells].

Immunological methods (complement fixation test, immunofluorescence) demonstrated that the antigen associated with cytomegalovirus can be detected in some malignant and benign tumors and lymphoid cells in human leukemia. No antigen of the same specificity was found in tissues from the same patients and in normal donor lymphocytes.

[Determination of the early antigens induced by herpes simplex virus in human tumors by a radioimmunological binding method].

It is very difficult to produce specific antibody to individual antigens comprising the multicomponent antigenic system of a cell. It is particularly true of the antigens present in the cell in small amounts and characterized by low immunogenic potency, among them early antigens of herpes simplex virus (HSV). To overcome these difficulties the authors propose a method of preparation of a specific serum using specific immune complexes as immunogens.

[Herpes simplex virus-associated antigen in leukemic cells].

Immunological methods (CFT, indirect IF) detected herpes simplex virus-associated antigen in leukocytes of 21 out of 56 leukemia patients. The antigen was more frequently found in leukocytes of patients with chronic lympho- and myeloleukemias, less frequently in acute forms of these diseases. No antigen was detectable in leukocytes of normal donors.

[Virus-induced antigens in human tumors].

Solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) was used for examinations of human malignant tumors for the presence of retrovirus D-induced antigen and of blood sera from cancer patients for the presence of antibody to this antigen. Various tumor specimens differently reacted to anti-HEp-2 serum, the background values of binding of this serum with normal tissues (liver, lung, spleen) and leukemic cells from leukemia patients being low. The majority of the sera from cancer patients were found to contain antibody to HEp-2 antigen.

[Association of retrovirus D with human malignant neoplasms].

Immunological methods of investigation (CFT, immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay) showed that the antigen induced by retrovirus D was discovered in some malignant and benign human tumors of various localizations. No association of retrovirus D with human hemoblastoses could be established.

[Antigens associated with herpes simplex viruses in human and animal tumors].

The paper deals with the mechanism of emergence of early virus-induced antigens in animal tumors and their association with carcinogenesis. Problems of the specificity of the antigens of tumors induced by herpes simplex virus in different animal species and their immunogenicity for the tumor carriers are discussed.

[Metabolic transformation affected by specific Salmonella O antigen in the lymphocytes of salmonellosis patients].

Metabolic transformation in the lymphocytes of salmonellosis patients, manifested by changes in the proportion of nucleic acids due to the stimulating action of Salmonella specific O antigen, was studied by the method of microspectral luminescent analysis. The level of single-helix nucleic acids in lymphocytes was shown to increase 6-8 hours after the stimulating action of specific O antigen, which was manifested by the increase of the alpha parameter from 0.21 to 0.

[Significance of the indices of the metabolic and immunological reorganization of lymphocytes stimulated by a specific O-antigen in acute dysentery patients].

Immunological and metabolic shifts occurring in the lymphocytes of patients with acute dysentery under the influence of specific Shigella O-antigens have been studied during the infectious process. These shifts, whose manifestation depends on the severity of the disease, have been shown to be most pronounced on week 1 of the disease, gradually subsiding by week 3. The indices characterizing these shifts can be used for the evaluation of the severity of Shigella infection and its prognosis.