[Piriform aperture as a cause of nasal obstruction. Part I. Anthropometric characteristics in different populations (systematic review).].

The piriform aperture (PA) is anatomically an opening in the central part of the facial skull. To date, the piriform aperture, as an element of the static component of the internal nasal valve (INV) and as a possible cause of its dysfunction, has not received proper surgical attention. If PA is considered as a possible cause of nasal obstruction, then the main parameter is its width, which has a direct effect on the volume of the INV area.

[Subjective tympanophonia. The current concepts of therapy].

The authors overview the current concepts of the management of the patients complaining of subjective tympanophonia with special reference to the medicamental and medicamental treatment of this condition and rehabilitation. Bearing in mind a great variety of approaches to addressing this problem, only the most important, widely applied, and clinically verified methods for this purpose are considered.

[Otogenic intracranial disorders: topical problems of diagnostics and treatment].

The present paper summarized the recently published data on the prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment of otogenic intracranial complications. The results of statistical analysis of the prevalence of otogenic intracranial complications are presented in conjunction with the data on their structure and the frequency of selected nosological forms. The authors emphasize the importance of the problems concerning the choice of the therapeutic strategy for the management of otogenic intracranial complications.

[Rational antibacterial therapy of acute inflammatory ENT disorders].

The present communication is designed to overview the current data on the classification, etiology, and treatment of acute inflammatory ENT disorders based on the international experience. The results of analysis of on-going studies on the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy of acute inflammatory ENT disorders are considered. It is concluded that antibiotic therapy is currently the most efficacious method for the treatment of the patients presenting with these diseases accompanied by purulent discharge and elevated temperature.

[The modern view of the clinical significance of tensor tympani muscle].

The objective of the present work was analyse the modern views of the role of tensor tympani muscle in the development of otic pathology. In this context, the authors discuss tenotomy of the middle ear muscles for the treatment of Meniere's disease, diagnostics and clinical aspects of middle ear myoclonus, and tonic tensor tympani syndrome.

[The importance of test control for the post-graduate education in clinical rhinology].

This publication deals with the problems pertaining to the improvement of the system of the post-graduate education in otorhinolaryngology with special reference to one of its topical fields, clinical rhinology. The authors emphasize the importance of one of the principal components of the post-graduate education under the present-day conditions, namely organization of control and self-control of learning the new material, self-monitoring and individual correction of the level of knowledge. Special attention is given to the training tests that can be used to adequately simulate the decision-making process with respect to a concrete clinical situation.

[The modern approaches to the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis with cholesteatoma].

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of the surgical treatment of chronic suppurative otitis with cholesteatoma in terms of prevention of a residual disease and its relapses. The results of the postoperative observation of 149 patients during the period from 2009 till 2013 are presented. All the patients underwent sanation surgery with the obliteration of paratympanic spaces followed by the restoration of the posterior wall of the external auditory meatus and simultaneous tympanoplasty (closed-type surgery).

[Eosinophilic otitis media as a disease with chronic nasal polyposis and bronchial asthma].

Rather a few publications devoted to eosinophilic otitis media (EoOM) can be found in the literature. This condition refractory to the treatment is characterized by the elevated number of eosinophils in the exudate and mucosal membrane of the middle ear. The disease is not infrequently associated with bronchial asthma and polypous rhinosinusitis.

[The role of neurotropic therapy in the treatment of acute sensorineural impairment of hearing following a viral infection].

The objective of the study. To estimate the efficacy of consecutive prescription of combined neurotropic therapy in addition to conventional treatment modalities for the patients presenting with acute sensorineural impairment of hearing. The results of analysis of the examination and treatment of 58 patients presenting with acute sensorineural impairment of hearing following a viral infection are presented.

[The role of MRI in the preoperative examination and postoperative follow up of the patients presenting with a combination of chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma].

The objective of the present work was to estimate the possibilities of application of different MRI modalities for the diagnostics of cholesteatoma and to develop the criteria for the verification of the proposed protocols. The study was carried out in the standard T1 and T2 regimes as well as in the non-EPI DWI regime. The patients available for the examination presented with both primary cholesteatoma and with residual and recurrent cholesteatoma.

[Local therapy of acute sensorinerual deafness by means of intratympanic administration of steroids].

Aim Of The Study: to estimate the efficacy of local therapy of acute sensorinerual deafness by means of intratympanic administration of steroids.

Patients And Methods: the study included 73 patients presenting with acute sensorinerual deafness (ACND). 24 of them were given local steroid therapy (through a shunt) during 6 months, another 24 patients received traditional systemic therapy, and 25 ones systemic steroid monotherapy (intravenously) for 10 days.

[The influence of chronic otitis media on the sensorineural component of hearing].

The objective of the present study was to estimate the influence of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) on the sensorineural component of deafness in the patients presenting with unilateral otitis media. A total of 49 patients with this pathology were included in the study. The bone conduction thresholds at the affected side were measured at a frequency of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz and compared with those in the unaffected ear.

[Inflammatory diseases of the external auditory passage and methods for their treatment].

Inflammatory diseases of the external auditory passage may be of immune or infectious origin. In both cases, the main manifestations are erythema, swelling, and pruritus of the skin of the external auditory passage. The treatment with ointments is restricted by the difficulty of their application.

[Stapedoplasty: one technology, two types of protheses].

The article presents postoperative results of stapedoplasty depending on the type of prosthesis (Teflon or titan). The technique of the operation was the same but snapping the prosthesis around a long process of the incus in application of titan prostheses. Thickness of tephlon prostheses was 0.

[Dynamics of various blood electrolytes in patients with Menière's disease after desiccation].

The serum concentrations of Na, K, Ca, and Cl were measured in 25 patients with Meniere's disease. In the patients with hydrops, the concentrations of K, Ca, and Cl were initially increased and during dehydration slightly decreased. In the patients without hydrops, the concentration of K and Ca was near the upper limit and that of Cl was within normal limits.

[Study of biologically active currents of the external ear in endaural pharmacophysical intervention].

This study demonstrated that biologically active points (BAP) of external ear were sensitive to ultrasonic treatment. In order to identify their characteristics, specific conductivity of tissues in the BAP area was measured (in microamperes) by an Elita 4-PEP unit equipped with a silver probe. Conductivity was measured in five points.

[Syndromology and differential treatment of secondary cochleovestibulitis in patients with early clinical forms of cerebral circulatory insufficiency].

Altogether 136 patients with cochleovestibulitis and early clinical forms of cerebral circulation insufficiency were examined. Two types of syndrome were identified that were associated with the pathogenetic development: vascular and metabolic. Different diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches as applied to each type of syndrome were developed.

[The genesis of early clinical forms of cerebral circulatory failure and the effectiveness of different courses of therapeutic measures].

The authors have examined 214 patients with early clinical forms of cerebral circulation insufficiency. It has been established that discirculatory encephalopathy (DE) may be formed in two ways. One way is angiogenic and it leads to DE through a stage of initial manifestations of cerebral circulation insufficiency (IMCCI), the other way is related to the neurovascular nature of the disease (vegetovascular dystonia) and may lead to DE, bypassing the stage of IMCCI.