Artificial intelligence-assisted identification and assessment of mandibular asymmetry on panoramic radiography.

Introduction: Mandibular symmetry is crucial in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. This study aimed to establish an artificial intelligence (AI) method to automatically and accurately identify mandibular landmarks and assess asymmetry via orthopantomography (OPG) radiographs.

Methods: A total of 1038 OPG radiographs (451 mixed and 587 permanent dentitions) were collected and annotated to develop the AI model for identifying mandibular landmarks.