Storage-Related Changes in Autologous Whole Blood and Irradiated Allogeneic Red Blood Cells and Their Ex Vivo Effects on Deformability, Indices, and Density of Circulating Erythrocytes in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Objectives: Blood-processing techniques and preservation conditions cause storage lesions, possibly leading to adverse outcomes after transfusion. The authors investigated the metabolic changes and deformability of red blood cells (RBCs) during storage and determined the effect of storage lesions on circulating RBCs during cardiac surgery.

Design: Prospective study.

Changes in Erythrocyte Morphology at Initiation of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Without Blood Transfusion Were Not Associated With Less Deformability During Cardiac Surgery.

Objectives: During cardiac surgery, circulating red blood cells (RBCs) are at risk of exposure to environmental factors during extracorporeal circulation and transfusion of stored RBCs. For this study, the authors observed morphological differences, deformability, density distribution, and erythrocyte indices of RBCs during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Design: Prospective study.

Dose-dependent effect of stored-blood transfusions on recipient red blood cell indices, deformability and density.

We prospectively studied the dose-dependent effect of transfused stored red blood cells (RBCs) on recipient RBC indices, deformability and cell density in 10 patients administered stored RBCs for blood transfusion during general surgery. There were dose-dependent decreases in mean corpuscular volume and increases in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration after completion of 4- and 6-unit stored RBC transfusions. The amount of dense populations increased proportionately with the amount of stored RBCs transfused.

An Unrecognized Function of Cholesterol: Regulating the Mechanism Controlling Membrane Phospholipid Asymmetry.

An asymmetric distribution of phospholipids in the membrane bilayer is inseparable from physiological functions, including shape preservation and survival of erythrocytes, and by implication other cells. Aminophospholipids, notably phosphatidylserine (PS), are confined to the inner leaflet of the erythrocyte membrane lipid bilayer by the ATP-dependent flippase enzyme, ATP11C, counteracting the activity of an ATP-independent scramblase. Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1), a single-transmembrane protein, was previously reported to possess scrambling activity in erythrocytes.

Identification of a novel role for dematin in regulating red cell membrane function by modulating spectrin-actin interaction.

The membrane skeleton plays a central role in maintaining the elasticity and stability of the erythrocyte membrane, two biophysical features critical for optimal functioning and survival of red cells. Many constituent proteins of the membrane skeleton are phosphorylated by various kinases, and phosphorylation of β-spectrin by casein kinase and of protein 4.1R by PKC has been documented to modulate erythrocyte membrane mechanical stability.

Disruption of lipid rafts by lidocaine inhibits erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum.

Membrane lipid rafts have been implicated in erythrocyte invasion process by Plasmodium falciparum. In this study, we examined the effect of lidocaine, a local anesthetic, which disrupts lipid rafts reversibly without affecting membrane cholesterol content on parasite invasion. In the presence of increasing concentrations of lidocaine in the culture medium, parasite invasion was progressively decreased with complete inhibition at 2mM.

Lumenal localization in the endoplasmic reticulum of the C-terminal tail of an AE1 mutant responsible for hereditary spherocytosis in cattle.

An R664X nonsense mutant AE1 is responsible for dominant hereditary spherocytosis in cattle and is degraded by the proteasomal endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. The present study demonstrated that R664X AE1 translated in vitro had the trypsin-sensitve site identical to that of the wild-type AE1. The P661S/R664X mutant containing a possible N-glycosylation site at Asn660 showed an increase in size by 3 kDa both in the cell-free translation system and in transfected HEK293 cells.

Ubiquitylation-independent ER-associated degradation of an AE1 mutant associated with dominant hereditary spherocytosis in cattle.

Various mutations in the AE1 (anion exchanger 1, band 3) gene cause dominant hereditary spherocytosis, a common congenital hemolytic anemia associated with deficiencies of AE1 of different degrees and loss of mutant protein from red blood cell membranes. To determine the mechanisms underlying decreases in AE1 protein levels, we employed K562 and HEK293 cell lines and Xenopus oocytes together with bovine wild-type AE1 and an R664X nonsense mutant responsible for dominant hereditary spherocytosis to analyze protein expression, turnover, and intracellular localization. R664X-mutant protein underwent rapid degradation and caused specifically increased turnover and impaired trafficking to the plasma membrane of the wild-type protein through hetero-oligomer formation in K562 cells.

Cloning and characterization of excitatory amino acid transporters GLT-1 and EAAC1 in canine brain.

Excitatory amino acid transporters play important roles in termination of glutamatergic neurotransmission and protection of neurons from the excitotoxicity of glutamate in the central nervous system. We herein report isolation of cDNA clones of two distinct excitatory amino acid transporters, GLT-1 and EAAC1, from canine brain cortex by PCR-based cloning, and characterization of these transporter subtypes. Canine GLT-1 and EAAC1 exhibited Na+-dependent glutamate transport with high affinities in a Xenopus oocyte expression system.

[Comparison of crossing-over between 30-minute drip infusion vs 30-second injection of granisetron for nausea and vomitting with cisplatin].

Recently, Granisetron (KYT) was proved to have a strong effect for cisplatin (CDDP)-induced emesis. We compared the effect of KYT for CDDP-induced emesis between two different administration schedules. Forty micrograms/kg of KYT was administered either by 30-minute drip infusion with 100 ml of saline (Group A) or 30-second injection with 10 ml of saline (Group B).

Defective anion transport and marked spherocytosis with membrane instability caused by hereditary total deficiency of red cell band 3 in cattle due to a nonsense mutation.

We studied bovine subjects that exhibited a moderate uncompensated anemia with hereditary spherocytosis inherited in an autosomal incompletely dominant mode and retarded growth. Based on the results of SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, and electron microscopic analysis by the freeze fracture method, we show here that the proband red cells lacked the band 3 protein completely. Sequence analysis of the proband band 3 cDNA and genomic DNA showed a C --> T substitution resulting in a nonsense mutation (CGA --> TGA; Arg --> Stop) at the position corresponding to codon 646 in human red cell band 3 cDNA.

[Primary torsion of the omentum--report of a case and review of the Japanese literature].

A case of primary torsion of the omentum is reported. A 37-year-old male was admitted with the chief complaint of RLQ pain of 3 day's duration on June 10, 1986. Tenderness and Blumberg's sign were found at Mc Burney's point with leucocytosis of 11,500/mm3.

Alveolar echinococcosis of the liver; studies on 60 operated cases.

During the years 1936 through 1978, 60 cases received surgical intervention for alveolar echinococcosis of the liver. The resectability and operative mortality rate were 64.0% (16/25) and 43.

[Variation of serum free amino acids in fulminant hepatitis treated with hepatic assists (author's transl)].

A 10 year old boy, in grade IV hepatic coma, was treated by combination of XAD-4 resin hemoperfusion (HP), activated charcoal HP (Adsorba 300C, Gambro), exchange transfusion by up to 12.0 liters of fresh whole blood, and regular dialysis. Serum free amino acids' values were consecutively assessed during 4 days of treatment.

Operative treatment of alveolar echinococcosis of the liver.

This study is based on the experience with 51 cases of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis underwent operative treatment up to the end of 1976. Hepatic resection was carried out in 28 cases with overall operative mortality of 25 per cent, but no death occurred in the last 10 years period during which 12 cases were subjected to the procedure. This apparent improvement of the result is ascribed to the establishment of the strict criteria for operative intervention, i.

Experimental bladder substitution using a biodegradable graft of natural tissue.

A controlled canine experimental study has been performed to test the application of a biodegradeable graft to vesical augmentation. The graft, after providing initial bladder enlargement, is progressively reabsorbed while serving as a foundation for the regeneration and healing of the layers of the bladder remnant. Follow-up studies at 1 year revealed no urinary infection, calculi, extravasation of urine, or rejection of the material.

Carcinoma arising in the cyst of the liver--report of three cases--.

A generally recognized concept dictates that surgical intervention for non-parasitic cysts of the liver is mostly palliative such as aspiration of the content, suture and closure, internal or external drainage, marsupialization, and unroofing of the cyst, while total excision of the entire cyst, which sometimes necessitates hepatic resection, is not usually recommended.3, 6, 9 The results of these lesser procedures have been acceptable, favoring those conservative procedures. This paper presents three cases with carcinoma arising in the cysts of the liver.

Survival for 145 days with a total artificial heart.

A calf into which a biolized, total artificial heart (TAH) had been implanted survived for 145 days. All measured physiological parameters except central venous pressure (CVP) were back to normal one month after implantation, and thereafter the animal's physiological development was similar to that of a normal calf. The intimal weight, which was 96 kilograms at implantation, reached 190 kilogram at the end of experiment, with a daily gain rate of 0.

145 days survival of calf with total artificial heart (TAH).

A calf with a biolized TAH was maintained in reasonably good physiological condition for a major portion of a 145-day experiment as indicated by near normal growth rate and laboratory data. The mechanism for the high CVP and CBV at the beginning and end of the experiment were correlated with protein metabolism. No evidence of thromboembolism was found at autopsy and only modest congestion with minimal parenchymal damage was observed.