In Vivo Capillary Structure and Blood Cell Flux in the Normal and Diabetic Mouse Eye.

Purpose: To characterize the early structural and functional changes in the retinal microvasculature in response to hyperglycemia in the Ins2Akita mouse.

Methods: A custom phase-contrast adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope was used to image retinal capillaries of 9 Ins2Akita positive (hyperglycemic) and 9 Ins2Akita negative (euglycemic) mice from postnatal weeks 5 to 18. A 15 kHz point scan was used to image capillaries and measure red blood cell flux at biweekly intervals; measurements were performed manually.

Transcranial optical imaging reveals a pathway for optimizing the delivery of immunotherapeutics to the brain.

Despite the initial promise of immunotherapy for CNS disease, multiple recent clinical trials have failed. This may be due in part to characteristically low penetration of antibodies to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain parenchyma, resulting in poor target engagement. We here utilized transcranial macroscopic imaging to noninvasively evaluate in vivo delivery pathways of CSF fluorescent tracers.