Difference of Clinical Manifestation Between Infection and Colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Among Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Background: Distinguishing infection and colonization from respiratory samples is challenging. We aimed to determine useful markers for differentiating infection from colonization in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients.

Methods: We included CAP patients in whom was isolated from sputum but were not initially treated with targeting antibiotics.

A systematic review of factors associated with poor prognosis despite appropriate antibiotics usage for pneumonia.

Treatment with appropriate antibiotics does not seem to be associated with prognosis among elderly patients with pneumonia. Identifying factors associated with poor prognosis despite the use of appropriate antibiotics might help withhold aggressive antibiotic treatment in patients with pneumonia. This systematic review aims to identify the risk factors associated with unfavored outcomes despite using appropriate antibiotics for pneumonia.

Comparison of High-Dose versus Low-Dose Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Treating Pneumonia among Hemodialysis Patients: A Nationwide Database Study in Japan.

Hemodialysis patients are at high risk for developing pneumonia (PJP), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the first-line agent for treating this disease. However, there is a lack of consensus on the required dosage of TMP-SMX for hemodialysis patients. This study used the nationwide Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database to review hemodialysis patients hospitalized for PJP from April 2014 to March 2022.

Association between the cardiothoracic ratio on chest X-rays and the respiratory function in patients with interstitial lung diseases: A cross-sectional study.

Objective Patients with advanced interstitial lung disease (ILD) struggle to undergo spirometry to evaluate the respiratory function. The cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) on chest radiography can potentially reflect the lung volume; however, this has not yet been fully established. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the CTR and the respiratory function in patients with interstitial lung diseases.

Pneumocystis Pneumonia Presenting With Peripheral Predominant Consolidation and Traction Bronchiectasis.

pneumonia (PCP) typically presents as a predominant ground-glass opacity (GGO) in the upper lobes. We report a case of a patient with PCP that mimicked organizing pneumonia or nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, showing peripheral predominant consolidation with traction bronchiectasis and peribronchovascular thickening in the lower lobes on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and no other pathogens were isolated.

Validation of a computed tomography diagnostic model for differentiating fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: The diagnosis of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP) from other interstitial lung diseases, particularly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), is often difficult. This study aimed to examine computed tomography (CT) findings that were useful for differentiating between fHP and IPF and to develop and validate a radiological diagnostic model.

Methods: In this study, 246 patients (fHP, n = 104; IPF, n = 142) from two institutions were included and randomly divided into the test (n = 164) and validation (n = 82) groups (at a 2:1 ratio).

Medical Causes of Hospitalisation among Patients with Bronchiectasis: A Nationwide Study in Japan.

Purpose: Although the international guidelines for managing bronchiectasis are centred on preventing the exacerbation of bronchiectasis, the medical causes of admissions to hospital among patients with bronchiectasis have not been fully investigated.

Methods: This study targeted patients with bronchiectasis who were admitted to hospitals between April 2018 and March 2020 using the national inpatient database in Japan. The causes of hospitalisation and types of antibiotics used for hospitalised patients were recorded.

Factors associated with readmission for community-onset pneumonia among older people: A retrospective study.

Background: Although older individuals are prone to pneumonia relapse, little real-world evidence is available on the main factors contributing to pneumonia recurrence. This study assessed the impact of patients' lifestyles on hospital readmission due to pneumonia recurrence.

Methods: We retrospectively included consecutive patients (aged ≥65 years) who were admitted for community-onset pneumonia.

Treatment strategy for older patients with pneumonia independent of the risk of drug resistance in the world's top country for longevity.

The number of older people with impaired swallowing function increases with aging population. Aspiration pneumonia is one of the most cases of pneumonia developing among older people. As aspiration pneumonia may develop as a result of age-related deterioration, it is crucial to consider it as an unavoidable event with aging.

Pulmonary function and chest CT abnormalities 3 months after discharge from COVID-19, 2020-2021: A nation-wide multicenter prospective cohort study from the Japanese respiratory society.

Background: No comprehensive analysis of the pulmonary sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan based on respiratory function tests and chest computed tomography (CT) has been reported. We evaluated post-COVID-19 conditions, especially focusing on pulmonary sequelae assessed by pulmonary function tests and chest CT.

Methods: For this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 1069 patients who presented pneumonia at the time of admission in 55 hospitals from February 2020 to September 2021.

DHCR7 links cholesterol synthesis with neuronal development and axonal integrity.

The DHCR7 enzyme converts 7-DHC into cholesterol. Mutations in DHCR7 can block cholesterol production, leading to abnormal accumulation of 7-DHC and causing Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS). SLOS is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple malformations, including microcephaly, intellectual disability, behavior reminiscent of autism, sleep disturbances, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like hyperactivity.

Impact of Antibiotics Used for Acute Aspiration Bronchitis on the Prevention of Pneumonia.

Backgrounds: It remains unclear if antibiotics should be used for the treatment of acute aspiration bronchitis to prevent the development of pneumonia. This study aimed to assess the associations between the use of antibiotics and the development of pneumonia among patients with acute aspiration bronchitis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with acute aspiration bronchitis aged ≥75 years.

Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in a Patient With Localized Mycosis Fungoides Not Receiving Immunosuppressive Treatment.

pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but it may develop in patients without HIV, whose immune system is suppressed by anticancer or immunosuppressive agents even when indicating normal counts of CD4+ T cells. Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, which is believed not to cause immunosuppressive conditions unless it develops leukosis or metastasis or is treated with anticancer drugs or systemic immunosuppressants. Here, we report a case of PCP in a patient with localized MF not receiving immunosuppressive treatment.

Carbapenem vs. non-carbapenem antibiotics for ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Carbapenem is recommended as one of the first-line regimens for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), but no recent systematic review has fully investigated its efficacy. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of carbapenem compared with non-carbapenem for VAP treatment.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing the efficacy and the safety between carbapenem and non-carbapenem with activity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the treatment for VAP.

A Systematic Review of Factors Associated with Mortality among Patients with Complex Lung Disease.

Purpose: As the number of patients with complex lung disease is significantly increasing worldwide, several studies have focused on the prognostic factors associated with the disease. This systematic review investigated the factors associated with mortality among patients with complex lung disease.

Methods: Two investigators independently identified studies that were designed to determine risk factors for mortality in patients with complex lung disease from PubMed, the Cochrane Register of Control Trial database, and EMBASE (accessed on 25 November 2022).

Delayed iliopsoas abscess following COVID-19 pneumonia.

Bacterial co-infection has been reported to contribute to a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. However, iliopsoas abscess (IPA) has not been previously reported as a comorbidity during the course of COVID-19. We report two cases of IPA in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.