Associations of pain sensitivity and conditioned pain modulation with physical activity: findings from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST).

Objective: Individuals with chronic pain due to knee osteoarthritis (OA) are insufficiently physically active, and alterations of facilitatory and inhibitory nociceptive signaling are common in this population. Our objective was to examine the association of these alterations in nociceptive signaling with objective accelerometer-based measures of physical activity in a large observational cohort.

Design: We used data from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study.

Tailored Yoga Intervention for Postlumbar Spine Surgical Pain Management: A Feasibility Study.

Severe pain, anxiety, and high opioid use are common following lumbar spine surgery (LSS). Yoga helps to reduce pain and anxiety, but it has not been considered for postsurgical care. The authors developed and tested the feasibility of a tailored yoga program designed for individuals undergoing LSS and explored clinical feasibility of yoga intervention on measures of pain, function, psychological status, and opioid use.

Mediating Effect of Pain Sensitization on the Paradoxical Relation of Taking Opioids to Pain Severity in Knee Osteoarthritis: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study.

Objective: One of the less understood adverse effects while taking opioids is the paradoxical increase in pain, known as opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). We sought to determine whether pain sensitization mediates the relation of taking an opioid to pain severity in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: We included participants in a National Institutes of Health-funded cohort study of people with or at risk of knee OA.

Delayed timing of physical therapy initiation increases the risk of future opioid use in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a real-world cohort study.

Objective: We assessed whether late versus early initiation of physical therapy (PT) was related to greater risk of future opioid use in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) who receive PT.

Methods: We used Commercial and Medicare Advantage claims data from 1999 to 2018 from American adults with incident knee OA referred for PT within 1 year of diagnosis. We categorised people as opioid naïve or opioid experienced based on prior prescriptions.

Post-surgical contributors to persistent knee pain following knee replacement: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST).

Objective: Pain persistence following knee replacement (KR) occurs in ∼20-30% of patients. Although several studies have identified preoperative risk factors for persistent post-KR pain, few have focused on post-KR contributing factors. We sought to determine whether altered nociceptive signaling and other peripheral nociceptive drivers present post-operatively contribute to post-KR pain.

Sleep quality in individuals with chronic low back pain and central sensitization.

Background And Purpose: Sleep problems are common in individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Central sensitization (CS) is present in a subgroup of individuals with CLBP. However, our knowledge about whether sleep quality varies between the subgroups of CLBP is limited.

Association of Physical Therapy Interventions With Long-term Opioid Use After Total Knee Replacement.

Importance: Many individuals who undergo total knee replacement (TKR) become long-term opioid users after TKR. Associations of physical therapy (PT) interventions before or after TKR with long-term use of opioids are not known.

Objectives: To evaluate associations of PT interventions before and after TKR with long-term opioid use after TKR.

Protocol for Testing Yoga to Reduce Post-Lumbar Spine Surgery Pain: A Methodology Article.

Currently, acute postoperative pain during hospitalization is primarily managed by medications, and patients must adhere to restrictive postoperative precautions for 3 months following lumbar spine surgeries. Yoga can be an alternative approach to assist in acute and subacute postoperative pain management, anxiety, and return to function. The purpose of the present work was to develop and test the feasibility and explore the effectiveness of a tailored yoga program, delivered in-person during the hospital stay and electronically after hospital discharge, as a potential new avenue for postoperative care.

Correlation Between Central Sensitization and Remote Muscle Performance in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine associations between the degree of central sensitization (CS) and remote muscle performance in people with chronic low back pain (CLBP).

Methods: The 2011 fibromyalgia (FM) criteria and severity scales (2011 FM survey) were used as a surrogate measure of CS to divide the participants into 2 groups: FM-positive CLBP and FM-negative CLBP. Measures related to central sensitization included the 2011 FM survey and pressure pain threshold of the thumbnail.

Quantifying Lumbar Mobilization With Inertial Measurement Unit.

Objective: Lumbar mobilization is a standard intervention for the management of low back pain, yet ways to quantify lumbar mobilization are limited. An inertial measurement unit (IMU) is a small and inexpensive device that can be used to quantify lumbar mobilization. The objective of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of an IMU in measuring the amplitude of displacement of a clinician's hand movement during oscillatory lumbar mobilization.

BILATERAL SENSORY DEFICITS AND WIDESPREAD HYPERALGESIA OCCUR FOLLOWING INDUCED DELAYED ONSET MUSCLE SORENESS OF THE QUADRICEPS.

Background: Unaccustomed eccentric exercise during sport or training may lead to delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), which has been demonstrated to influence postural control, potentially resulting in further injury. Afferent sensory input is critical to effective postural control, but little is known about somatosensory changes at the knee following induction of DOMS of the quadriceps muscle. The 'soreness' or hyperalgesia associated with DOMS has been postulated to occur because of damage to/inflammation of the exercised muscle, however, effects on central nociceptive mechanisms, which are known to induce altered postural responses, have been less studied.

Association between Opioid Dose, Acute Post-operative Pain and Walking Distance Following Lumbar Spine Surgery.

What Is Known And Objective: The opioid doses on post-operative day 1 (POD1) is a major predictor of recovery in patients following lumbar spine surgery (LSS). However, the opioid doses vary widely in clinical practice. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the associations between opioid doses on POD1, pain and function during a hospital stay in patients following LSS.

A Subgroup of Chronic Low Back Pain Patients With Central Sensitization.

Background: Our knowledge of central sensitization (CS) in chronic low back pain (CLBP) is limited. 2011 fibromyalgia criteria and severity scales (2011 FM survey) have been used to determine FM positive as a surrogate of CS. The major features of CS including widespread hyperalgesia and dysfunction of the descending inhibitory pathways can be identified by pressure pain threshold (PPT) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) tests.