[Videolaparoscopic nephrectomy and nephrouretherectomy in children].

The experience with 72 laparoscopic nephrectomies and nephrouretherectomies in children aged from 13 days to 14 years is reviewed. 51 children were under 3 years of age, 2 patients - under 1 month of life. Pathological changes of the kidneys with complete loss of function were indications for endoscopic surgery.

Laparoscopic ligation of testicular veins for varicocele in children. A report of 180 cases.

Background: The technique of the laparoscopic treatment of varicocele in children is described, and its outcome is discussed.

Methods: A total of 180 patients from 6 to 14 years of age were studied. All of them had left-sided varicocele; 10 of them were recurrences after treatment by other methods.

[Kidney autotransplantation in children].

A total of 4 renal autotransplantations were performed in children in the hospital. The indications for the surgery were ureteric injury (n = 2) and megaloureter associated with distal ureteric stenosis (n = 2). In all cases, autotransplantation was conducted into the ipsilateral iliac fossa after perfusion cooling of the kidney for an average of 28 min.

[Improvement of methods of surgical correction of congenital hydronephrosis in children].

The analysis of the authors' own results of surgical treatment for hydrohephrosis in 81 children after the Anderson-Haines-Kucher has revealed that the most common complication is stenosis of the anastomosis made. The authors' modified operation has indicated that the use of a less traumatic access to the pelvioureteral portion, of optic magnification, a microsurgical instrument, 7/0 synthetic suture material, drainage of the renal collecting system with a pyelostomic tube of original design allows the optimal conditions to be created for formation of the pelvioureteral anastomosis and the good results of hydronephrosis treatment to be obtained in children.

[Kidney autotransplantation in ureter injuries and diseases children].

Six operations for kidney autotransplantation into the ipsilateral iliac fossa were conducted on children aged from 2 to 14 years. In 2 children the operation was performed for a posttraumatic defect in the ureter of a considerable length. Severe neuromuscular dysplasia of the ureter in maintained function of the kidney was the indication for operating on 4 children.

[Surgical correction of multiple ureter obstructions in children].

Obstruction in the pyeloureteral region is often combined with an obstacle of an anatomical or functional character in the distally located parts of the ureter. The authors treated by operation 80 patients with congenital hydronephrosis in the period from 1986 to 1991. An additional distally located stricture of the ureter was found during intraoperative catheterization in 10 cases.

[The surgical treatment of congenital hydronephrosis in children].

Available are the results of surgical treatment (Andersen-Hynes operation and its modifications) of 85 children with hydronephrosis bor the period 1981-1987. The patients' age ranged from 6 months to 14 years. Anastomotic stenosis occurred in 12% of the procedures as a result of: urethral or pelvic trauma when suturing, wound channels due to the needle perforating puncture, catgut unwanted properties, tissue strain at the anastomosis site, inadequate renal drain.

[Formation of a urinary reservoir from a small intestinal graft in children with exstrophy of the urinary bladder].

The authors suggest a new approach to the treatment of patients with exstrophy of the urinary bladder-the formation of an urinary reservoir from a detubulerized intestinal graft after II Kocks' method. This method, as well as its analogues, is mainly used in adults after radical cystectomy. Improved surgical techniques have been suggested on the basis of experimental works which allow the age features and the peculiarities of the functional condition of the formed reservoir to be taken into account.

[Use of suspended catheters (stents) during surgery of hydronephrosis in children].

The application of hanging catheters (stents) in operations for hydronephrosis in children has considerable advantages over classical (open) methods of drainage. Bacteriological investigations of analyses of urea performed in open and closed closed systems of drainage have shown less incidence of infection of the upper urinary tracts with intrahospital gram-negative flora after operation on patients operated upon with using stents, which gave less amount of postoperative complications.