Long-term dynamics of aberrant neuronal activity in awake Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with aberrant neuronal activity, which is believed to critically determine disease symptoms. How these activity alterations emerge, how stable they are over time, and whether cellular activity dynamics are affected by the amyloid plaque pathology remains incompletely understood. We here repeatedly recorded the activity from identified neurons in cortex of awake APPPS1 transgenic mice over four weeks during the early phase of plaque deposition using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging.

In vivo imaging reveals reduced activity of neuronal circuits in a mouse tauopathy model.

Pathological alterations of tau protein play a significant role in the emergence and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Tauopathies are characterized by detachment of the tau protein from neuronal microtubules, and its subsequent aberrant hyperphosphorylation, aggregation and cellular distribution. The exact nature of tau protein species causing neuronal malfunction and degeneration is still unknown.

Small-Animal PET Imaging of Tau Pathology with 18F-THK5117 in 2 Transgenic Mouse Models.

Abnormal accumulation of tau aggregates in the brain is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer disease neuropathology. We visualized tau deposition in vivo with the previously developed 2-arylquinoline derivative (18)F-THK5117 using small-animal PET in conjunction with autoradiography and immunohistochemistry gold standard assessment in 2 transgenic mouse models expressing hyperphosphorylated tau. Small-animal PET recordings were obtained in groups of P301S (n = 11) and biGT mice (n = 16) of different ages, with age-matched wild-type (WT) serving as controls.

Glial Activation and Glucose Metabolism in a Transgenic Amyloid Mouse Model: A Triple-Tracer PET Study.

Unlabelled: Amyloid imaging by small-animal PET in models of Alzheimer disease (AD) offers the possibility to track amyloidogenesis and brain energy metabolism. Because microglial activation is thought to contribute to AD pathology, we undertook a triple-tracer small-animal PET study to assess microglial activation and glucose metabolism in association with amyloid plaque load in a transgenic AD mouse model.

Methods: Groups of PS2APP and C57BL/6 wild-type mice of various ages were examined by small-animal PET.

[Huntington's disease: cellular and molecular basis of pathology].

Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyQ expansion (>36 glutamine repeats) in Huntingtin (Htt) protein. It is believed that dysfunction of corticostriatal system is one of the main pathological events. Special attention is paid to synaptic dysfunction of transmission between cortical and striatal neurons.

Optogenetic approach to the studies of synaptic transmission.

Optogenetics is a modern nanobiological approaches allowing modulation of the physiological status of electrostimulated cells, including the neurons. The optogenetic approach was used to evaluate the efficiency of synaptic transmission between the neurons in a mixed corticostriatal culture. Synaptic contacts between the cortical and striatal neurons forming in a mixed culture could be modulated by the opticogenetic methods.

Framework for performance evaluation of face, text, and vehicle detection and tracking in video: data, metrics, and protocol.

Common benchmark data sets, standardized performance metrics, and baseline algorithms have demonstrated considerable impact on research and development in a variety of application domains. These resources provide both consumers and developers of technology with a common framework to objectively compare the performance of different algorithms and algorithmic improvements. In this paper, we present such a framework for evaluating object detection and tracking in video: specifically for face, text, and vehicle objects.

[The immune and dental status of women who have given birth to infants with intrauterine growth retardation].

Secondary immunodeficiency was detected in women who gave birth to small-for-date newborns. This state was one of the causes of periodontal and hard dental tissue involvement. Women with small-for-date fetuses are at risk of dental diseases.

[A mathematical analysis of the heart rhythm in assessing periodontal diseases in women].

Mathematical analysis of heart rhythm helps detect disorders in the adaptation and compensatory potential of the body patients with diseases of the periodontium which are associated with a high stress and overstrain leading to exhaustion of the regulatory mechanisms. This should be borne in mind when planning treatment of such patients.

[The late clinical and physiological effects of different methods for the surgical treatment of patients with a uterine leiomyoma].

Electroencephalographic studies and mathematical analysis of heart rhythm have shown that reconstructive plastic surgery is a more sparing and physiologic method as against supravaginal amputation of the uterus, providing normal functioning of all the body systems in late periods after surgery.

[Phosphorus-potassium metabolism in puerperae with late toxicosis and its correlation with the status of the maxillodental system].

A deficiency of mineral components in the breast milk and saliva and shifts in the protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism are observed in puerperae with a history of late gestosis; this fact tells negatively on the maxillodental system of the mother and her baby.

[Hemodynamics in the organs of small pelvis during complex treatment using electromagnetic fields in patients with tubal infertility of inflammatory etiology].

Hydrotubation treatment of uterine tube impotency of an inflammatory origin results in many cases in stubborn hemodynamic disorders in the small pelvis organs, that may be normalized after exposure to a permanent magnetic field (magnetophores). Multiple-modality treatment results in recovery of the uterine tube patency in 50% of cases and in pregnancy coming within a year in 22.6% of cases.

[The development of the maxillodental system in the fetus and the newborn animal in intrauterine streptococcal infection].

Effects of an intrauterine streptococcal infection induced at different stages of pregnancy on the developing fetus and newborn were studied in non-inbred white rats. The course of denture development was found changed in both fetuses and newborns. A number of functional shifts in the central nervous system and physical status, presenting in the postnatal period, were detected in the experimental animals.

[Laser exposure of the blood as a method of preventing inflammatory complications following cesarean section].

Blood laser action (red spectrum, a wavelength of 628 nm, pulsed periodic quasi-continuous duty), a noninvasive tool, was demonstrated to stimulate the immune forces of the body, which showed a 2-fold or more decrease in the incidence of inflammatory complications after cesarean operation.

[Experimental arrhythmia and its prevention].

The preventive antiarrhythmic effect of a new derivative of selenium-containing aralkyl amines, i. e. selenofen-24, was compared with the routinely used drugs-novocainamide, isoptin and inderal.

[Anti-arrhythmic activity of a new selenium-derivative preparation].

It has been demonstrated in an experimental calcium chloride model that piperidine-ethyl-selenophen belonging to the class of selenium derivatives is superior to isoptin in antiarrhythmic action. The drug shortens the duration of arrhythmia and reduces 2-3 times the time required for the recovery of heart rhythm, thereby raising the efficacy of therapy.