A double-blind intervention trial in healthy women demonstrates the beneficial impact on with low dosages of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides.

Introduction: Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are well-substantiated prebiotic substrates. Multiple studies have demonstrated a positive impact of GOS on gut microbiota composition and activity, so-far mainly related to . However, data on the beneficial impact at lower dosages in a healthy female population are limited.

Gut microbiome composition and functionality impact the responsiveness to a dairy-based product containing galacto-oligosaccharides for improving sleep quality in adults.

Sleep quality and duration can be impacted by diet, and has been linked to gut microbiota composition and function as the result of communication via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. As one strategy to improve sleep quality could be through the modulation of the gut microbiome, we assessed the effects of a dairy-based product containing whey protein, galacto-oligosaccharides, tryptophan, vitamins and minerals after a 3 weeks intervention on gut microbiota composition and (gut-brain related) functions on basis of 67 healthy subjects with moderate sleep disturbances. Associations of the gut microbiota with sleep quality and with response/non-response to the treatment were revealed by shotgun metagenomics sequencing of faecal DNA samples, and subsequent analyses of microbiota taxonomy and generic functionality.

Mothers' Breast Milk Composition and Their Respective Infant's Gut Microbiota Differ between Five Distinct Rural and Urban Regions in Vietnam.

Microbiota colonization and development in early life is impacted by various host intrinsic (genetic) factors, but also diet, lifestyle, as well as environmental and residential factors upon and after birth. To characterize the impact of maternal nutrition and environmental factors on vaginally born infant gut microbiota composition, we performed an observational study in five distinct geographical areas in Vietnam. Fecal samples of infants (around 39 days old) and fecal and breast milk samples of their mothers (around 28 years) were collected.

Rhodium-/Iridium-Catalyzed Hydroamination for the Synthesis of 1,2-, 1,3-, or 1,4-Diamines.

An Ir-catalyzed regioselective hydroamination of allyl amines using aryl amines and catalyst-controlled regiodivergent hydroamination of allylic and homoallylic amines with aniline nucleophiles are reported. The directed hydroamination reactions afford a variety of 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-diamines in good to excellent yields and high regio- and chemoselectivities. Mechanistic investigations suggests that the reactions are proceeding through an oxidative addition into the ArHN-H bond and that the observed regioselectivity is due to the selective formation of a 5- or 6-membered metalacyclic intermediate, depending on the catalyst employed.

Oligodendrogliomas tend to infiltrate the frontal aslant tract, whereas astrocytomas tend to displace it.

Introduction: MR-tractography is increasingly used in neurosurgical practice to evaluate the anatomical relationships between glioma and nearby subcortical tracts. In some patients, the subcortical tracts seem displaced by the glioma, while in other patients, the subcortical tracts seem infiltrated without displacement. At this point, it is unknown whether these different patterns are related to tumor type.

C/EBPβ-LIP mediated activation of the malate-aspartate shuttle sensitizes cells to glycolysis inhibition.

Objective: Cancer cells use glycolysis for generation of metabolic intermediates and ATP needed for cell growth and proliferation. The transcription factor C/EBPβ-LIP stimulates glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells. We initially observed that high expression of C/EBPβ-LIP makes cells vulnerable to treatment with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose.

Early development of infant gut microbiota in relation to breastfeeding and human milk oligosaccharides.

Background: Infant gut microbiota composition is influenced by various factors early in life. Here, we investigate associations between infant gut microbiome development, infant age, breastfeeding duration, and human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) composition in breastmilk.

Methods: A total of 94 mother-infant pairs were recruited as part of the Cambridge Baby Growth and Breastfeeding Study (CBGS-BF) (Cambridge, UK).

Butyrate in Human Milk: Associations with Milk Microbiota, Milk Intake Volume, and Infant Growth.

Butyrate in human milk (HM) has been suggested to reduce excessive weight and adipo-sity gains during infancy. However, HM butyrate's origins, determinants, and its influencing mechanism on weight gain are not completely understood. These were studied in the prospective longitudinal Cambridge Baby Growth and Breastfeeding Study (CBGS-BF), in which infants ( = 59) were exclusively breastfed for at least 6 weeks.

Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Vicinal Diamines via Directed Hydroamination.

Vicinal diamines are a common motif found in biologically active molecules. The hydroamination of allyl amine derivatives is a powerful approach for the synthesis of substituted 1,2-diamines. Herein, the rhodium-catalyzed hydroamination of primary and secondary allylic amines using diverse amine nucleophiles, including primary, secondary, acyclic, and cyclic aliphatic amines to access a wide range of unsymmetrical vicinal diamines, is presented.

Probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics for better sleep quality: a narrative review.

There is a growing prevalence of sleep problems and insomnia worldwide, urging the development of new treatments to tackle this increase. Several studies have suggested that the gut microbiome might influence sleep quality. The gut microbiome affects the host's health via the production of metabolites and compounds with neuroactive and immunomodulatory properties, which include short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and neurotransmitters.

Enhanced C/EBPβ function promotes hypertrophic versus hyperplastic fat tissue growth and prevents steatosis in response to high-fat diet feeding.

Chronic obesity is correlated with severe metabolic and cardiovascular diseases as well as with an increased risk for developing cancers. Obesity is usually characterized by fat accumulation in enlarged - hypertrophic - adipocytes that are a source of inflammatory mediators, which promote the development and progression of metabolic disorders. Yet, in certain healthy obese individuals, fat is stored in metabolically more favorable hyperplastic fat tissue that contains an increased number of smaller adipocytes that are less inflamed.

A Double-Blind, Randomized Intervention Study on the Effect of a Whey Protein Concentrate on -Induced Diarrhea in a Human Infection Model.

Infectious diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nutritional interventions may enhance resistance to infectious diseases or help to reduce clinical symptoms. Here, we investigated whether a whey protein concentrate (WPC) could decrease diarrheagenic -induced changes in reported stool frequency and gastrointestinal complaints in a double-blind, parallel 4-week intervention study.

Safety and efficacy of a probiotic-containing infant formula supplemented with 2'-fucosyllactose: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important and diverse biological functions in early life. This study tested the safety and efficacy of a starter infant formula containing Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri DSM 17938 and supplemented with 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL).

C/EBPβ isoform-specific regulation of migration and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

The transcription factor C/EBPβ is a master regulator of mammary gland development and tissue remodelling during lactation. The CEBPB-mRNA is translated into three distinct protein isoforms named C/EBPβ-LAP1, -LAP2 and -LIP that are functionally different. The smaller isoform LIP lacks the N-terminal transactivation domains and is considered to act as an inhibitor of the transactivating LAP1/2 isoforms by competitive binding for the same DNA recognition sequences.

Charting host-microbe co-metabolism in skin aging and application to metagenomics data.

During aging of human skin, a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors cause the alteration of the skin's structure, function and cutaneous physiology. Many studies have investigated the influence of the skin microbiome on these alterations, but the molecular mechanisms that dictate the interplay between these factors and the skin microbiome are still not fully understood. To obtain more insight into the connection between the skin microbiome and the human physiological processes involved in skin aging, we performed a systematic study on interconnected pathways of human and bacterial metabolic processes that are known to play a role in skin aging.

Term infant formula supplemented with milk-derived oligosaccharides shifts the gut microbiota closer to that of human milk-fed infants and improves intestinal immune defense: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Bovine milk-derived oligosaccharides (MOS) containing primarily galacto-oligosaccharides with inherent concentrations of sialylated oligosaccharides can be added to infant formula to enhance the oligosaccharide profile.

Objective: To investigate the effects of an MOS-supplemented infant formula on gut microbiota and intestinal immunity.

Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, healthy term formula-fed infants aged 21-26 d either received an intact protein cow milk-based formula (control group, CG, n = 112) or the same formula containing 7.

The Effect of A Whey-Protein and Galacto-Oligosaccharides Based Product on Parameters of Sleep Quality, Stress, and Gut Microbiota in Apparently Healthy Adults with Moderate Sleep Disturbances: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study.

People experiencing sleep problems may benefit from nutrients supporting serotonin metabolism and stress reduction. We studied the effect of a dairy-based product (DP) containing protein, galacto-oligosaccharides, vitamins and minerals, on sleep quality, stress, and gut-microbiota. In a cross-over RCT (three weeks intervention; three weeks washout), adults ( = 70; 30-50 y) with sleep disturbances (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) ≥ 9) consumed products 1 h before bed-time.

Multi-Nutrient Fortified Dairy-Based Drink Reduces Anaemia without Observed Adverse Effects on Gut Microbiota in Anaemic Malnourished Nigerian Toddlers: A Randomised Dose-Response Study.

Prevalence of anaemia among Nigerian toddlers is reported to be high, and may cause significant morbidity, affects brain development and function, and results in weakness and fatigue. Although, iron fortification can reduce anaemia, yet the effect on gut microbiota is unclear. This open-label randomised study in anaemic malnourished Nigerian toddlers aimed to decrease anaemia without affecting pathogenic gut bacteria using a multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drink.

Effect of low-iron micronutrient powder (MNP) on the composition of gut microbiota of Bangladeshi children in a high-iron groundwater setting: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Adverse effects of iron fortification/supplements such as Micronutrient Powder (MNP) on gut microbiota have previously been found in infection-prone African settings. This study examined the adversaries of a low-iron MNP compared with the standard MNP on the composition of gut microbiota in Bangladeshi children exposed to a high concentration of iron from potable groundwater.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2- to 5-year-old children, drinking groundwater with a high concentration of iron (≥ 2 mg/L).

A randomized controlled trial of different young child formulas on upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections in Chinese toddlers.

Background: Bioactive proteins and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), important ingredients in breast milk, that protect against infections are lacking in young child formula (YCF). This study investigated the effects of new YCFs on respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in toddlers.

Methods: Four hundred and sixty one healthy Chinese children aged 1-2.

Maternal Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profile Modulates the Impact of an Intervention with Iron and Galacto-Oligosaccharides in Kenyan Infants.

There is little data on human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition in Sub-Saharan Africa. Iron fortificants adversely affect the infant gut microbiota, while co-provision of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) mitigates most of the adverse effects. Whether variations in maternal HMO profile can influence the infant response to iron and/or GOS fortificants is unknown.

Low gut microbiota diversity and dietary magnesium intake are associated with the development of PPI-induced hypomagnesemia.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used by millions of patients for the treatment of stomach acid-reflux diseases. Although PPIs are generally considered safe, about 13% of the users develop hypomagnesemia. Despite rising attention for this issue, the underlying mechanism is still unknown.

C/EBPβ-LIP induces cancer-type metabolic reprogramming by regulating the /LIN28B circuit in mice.

The transcription factors LAP1, LAP2 and LIP are derived from the -mRNA through the use of alternative start codons. High LIP expression has been associated with human cancer and increased cancer incidence in mice. However, how LIP contributes to cellular transformation is poorly understood.

Iron-containing micronutrient powders modify the effect of oral antibiotics on the infant gut microbiome and increase post-antibiotic diarrhoea risk: a controlled study in Kenya.

Objective: Many African infants receiving iron fortificants also receive antibiotics. Antibiotic efficacy against enteropathogens may be modified by high colonic iron concentrations. In this study, we evaluated the effect of antibiotics on the infant gut microbiome and diarrhoea when given with or without iron-containing micronutrient powders (MNPs).

Tuberous sclerosis complex is required for tumor maintenance in MYC-driven Burkitt's lymphoma.

The tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) 1/2 is a negative regulator of the nutrient-sensing kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC1), and its function is generally associated with tumor suppression. Nevertheless, biallelic loss of function of TSC1 or TSC2 is rarely found in malignant tumors. Here, we show that TSC1/2 is highly expressed in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines and patient samples of human Burkitt's lymphoma, a prototypical MYC-driven cancer.