Polycyclic aromatic compounds including non-target and 71 target polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in scrubber discharge water and their environmental impact.

Increasing use of scrubbers on vessels for reduction of SOx emissions has led to environmental concerns due to discharge of partly persistent and toxic substances such as polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) into the sea. A comprehensive analysis of the dissolved and particulate phases of the discharge water from open and closed loop operations on four ships was performed. 71 PAC in the discharge waters varied in concentration and were associated with those of the fuels used, as they mainly originate in unburnt fuel.

[Brain X-radiation for Childhood Epilepsy, Hydrocephalus or Mental Retardation? Research at Tuebingen University, 1940-1946].

Brain X-radiation for Childhood Epilepsy, Hydrocephalus or Mental Retardation? Research at Tuebingen University, 1940-1946 We reconstructed 65 cases out of a series of "experimental" X-ray-therapy by chart review and reanalysis of publications from a contextual historical perspective. The research procedures in the context of NS-pressure for effectiveness soon dismissed structured scientific procedures and surrendered own standards, whereas radiation impact did not transgress the contemporary guidelines.

Specific binding sites for 1-O-alkyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine on intact human blood neutrophils.

Infection, inflammation and allergy are characterized by an infiltration of neutrophils or eosinophils in the tissue and are associated with an increased level of lysophospholipids. In this study it is shown that labeled 1-O-alkyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (lyso-paf) binds to intact human blood neutrophils. Unlabeled lyso-paf(500 nM) inhibits the binding of [3H]lyso-paf to neutrophils in the presence of fatty acid-free serum albumin (0.

Specific high affinity binding of platelet activating factor to intact human blood neutrophils and eosinophils.

Neutrophils and eosinophils are involved in various inflammatory reactions such as leukocyte migration, adherence and phagocytosis. A regulation of platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptors in intact human blood neutrophils and eosinophils is clinically important. Intact human blood neutrophils and eosinophils prepared under sterile conditions specifically bound [3H]PAF in the presence of fatty acid-free serum albumin (0.

Non-specific PAF binding to embryonal F9 cells and prostacyclin synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Our data suggest non-specific Paf binding to intact embryonal F9 cells. Non-specific Paf binding might have some physiological relevance when Paf metabolites interfere with prostacyclin synthesis, for example, in umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells: specific binding of platelet-activating factor and cytosolic calcium flux.

An interaction of the platelet-activating factor (Paf) with endothelial cells was investigated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Confluent endothelial cells bound [3H]Paf in the presence of 0.25% fatty acid-free serum albumin after culture in media containing either heat-inactivated foetal calf serum or serum substitute.

Lipoprotein-associated paf (LA-paf) was found in washed human platelets and monocyte/macrophage-like U937 cells.

Beyond cholesterol, inflammatory ether phospholipids such as platelet-activating factor (paf) may play a role in atherogenesis. (1) We detected a paf-like compound ('LA-paf') associated with human serum lipoproteins, mainly in LDL but not with the lipoprotein-poor fraction. (2) LA-paf was also found in washed human platelets, from where it was partially released during platelet aggregation in response to paf (50 nM) or thrombin (1 U).

Human platelets release a paf-acether: acetylhydrolase similar to that in plasma.

Intact washed human platelets aggregated in response to paf-acether (paf) and did not metabolize [3H]paf at concentrations up to 10 nM. However, when platelets were lysed by exposure to pH 9.5, resulting in 37.

The effect of inhibitors of platelet aggregation on the metabolism of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in washed rabbit platelets.

The rabbit platelet metabolizes platelet-activating factor (PAF) intracellularly. PAF is deacetylated to produce lysoPAF which, in turn, can be acylated to produce 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkylacyl GPC). Some PAF receptor antagonists have been shown to inhibit this metabolic conversion.

Long time incubation of monocytic U 937 cells with LDL increases specific paf-acether binding and the cellular acetylhydrolase activity.

Besides the well established role of low density lipoproteins (LDL), the phospholipid PAF-acether (paf) seems to be involved in atherogenesis. The effect of LDL (10 micrograms/ml for 24 h, n = 3) on paf binding characteristics of monocyte/macrophage-like U 937 cells was investigated using the radioligand [3H]paf, unlabeled paf and the paf receptor antagonist WEB 2086. The specific [3H]paf binding significantly increased at 1.

1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D-3 enhances Paf-stimulated calcium mobilization in U937 cells by expression of specific Paf binding sites.

The effect of 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D-3 (10 nM, 72 h) on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in U937 cells before and after stimulation with Paf, LTD4 and ADP was investigated. 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D-3 increased basal [Ca2+]i from 98 +/- 1 nM to 121 +/- 5 nM (P less than 0.01) and the Paf (10 nM) stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i from 143 +/- 15 to 406 +/- 44 nM (P less than 0.

Interaction of the Paf antagonist WEB 2086 and its hetrazepine analogues with human platelets and endothelial cells.

1. Intact platelets and confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells bound [3H]-Paf-acether (platelet activating factor, [3H]-Paf) at 20 degrees C in the presence of 0.25% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA).

Günther vena caval filter: results of long-term follow-up.

A Günther vena caval filter was implanted in the inferior vena cava in 59 patients to prevent pulmonary embolism. This newly available device, which can be inserted percutaneously via a 10-French introduction system, has three filtering planes. No complications occurred at the puncture site.

Comparison of three paf-acether receptor antagonist ginkgolides.

The aggregation of washed human platelets with paf-acether (paf) and [3H]paf binding were inhibited in a concentration- and time-dependent manner by three chemically defined ginkgolides (BN 52020, BN 52021, BN 52022) and their mixture, BN 52063 (molar ratio: 2:2:1). The IC50 values for aggregation correlated well with the IC50 values for [3H]paf binding (R-square 0.971).

Preformed PAF-acether and lyso PAF-acether are bound to blood lipoproteins.

PAF-acether (PAF) is a newly formed mediator not normally present in circulating blood. A compound exhibiting all of its biological characteristics but coeluting with phosphatidylcholine (PC) in high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was unveiled ('peak X') in normal human plasma. A second HPLC run of peak X HPLC fractions revealed the presence of PAF itself with concomitant disappearance of peak X.

Lack of correlation between cytotoxicity of agonists and antagonists of platelet activating factor [paf-acether] in neoplastic cells and modulation of [3H]-paf-acether binding to platelets from humans in vitro.

The 3 ether-lipids ET-18-OCH3, SRI 63-154 and paf-acether, the TLP BM 41.440, the ester-linked 2-LPC and CV-3988, were tested for cytostatic/antiproliferative [3H]-thymidine uptake) and cytotoxic (trypan blue dye exclusion, HTCA) activity in 11 neoplastic human cell lines (U 698-M, Nall-1, Su-DHL-4, RPMI 8226, K 562-4, Li-A, HTB-47, HTB-38, CCL218, 85 HG-59, 85 HG-63) and 1 ALL in vitro. 2-LPC and paf-acether showed either no, or only minor, CV-3988 varying activity.

BN 52021 displaces [3H]paf-acether from, and inhibits its binding to intact human platelets.

Intact platelets incubated at 20 degrees C in the presence of 0.25% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA) bound [3H]paf-acether in a concentration-dependent (0-6.5 nM) manner.

Specific inhibition of PAF-acether-induced platelet activation by BN 52021 and comparison with the PAF-acether inhibitors kadsurenone and CV 3988.

BN 52021 is a chemically defined substance extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Its inhibitory potency was tested on washed human platelets prepared so as to render them specifically sensitivity either to adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA) or PAF-acether. Its activity and specificity were compared with those of two other reported inhibitors of PAF-acether effects: Kadsurenone and CV 3988.

Unsaturated platelet-activating factor: influence on aggregation, serotonin release and thromboxane synthesis of human thrombocytes.

Unsaturated platelet-activating factor (paf-acether) aggregated thrombocytes of healthy male volunteers like saturated paf-acether. Unsaturated paf-acether released serotonin in the presence of imipramine. Within one minute the release increased depending on the concentrations of unsaturated paf-acether up to 45% of the serotonin.

Unsaturated 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines (unsaturated platelet-activating factor): aggregation of human platelets after incubation with indomethacin, creatinephosphate/creatinephosphokinase, xylocain and hirudine, and serotonin release after incubation with indomethacin.

Unsaturated platelet-activating factor (PAF) aggregates thrombocytes of healthy female volunteers and releases within 1 min up to 30.95% of the platelet serotonin. Indomethacin does not inhibit the aggregation but reduces the release of serotonin induced by unsaturated PAF in citrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines: influence on aggregation and [3H]serotonin release of human thrombocytes.

1-O-Alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines (platelet activating factor, PAF) aggregate human thrombocytes in a concentration dependent fashion. After a short lag-phase, maximum aggregation is reached within 2 min. PAF releases serotonin from human thrombocytes within 1 min.